Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-kw2vx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-05T08:25:58.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2016

Amelia Aldao ,
Dylan G. Gee ,
Andres De Los Reyes  and
Ilana Seager
Amelia Aldao*
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Dylan G. Gee
Affiliation:
Yale University
Andres De Los Reyes
Affiliation:
University of Maryland at College Park
Ilana Seager
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Amelia Aldao, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210; E-mail: aldao.1@osu.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In response to rapidly growing rates of comorbidity among psychiatric disorders, clinical scientists have become interested in identifying transdiagnostic processes that can help explain dysfunction across diagnostic categories (e.g., Kring & Sloan, 2009). One factor that has received a great deal of attention is that of emotion regulation, namely, the ability to modulate the intensity and/or duration of emotional states (e.g., Cicchetti, Ackerman, & Izard, 1995; Gross, 1998). Recent theoretical and empirical work has begun to emphasize the role that emotion regulation plays in the temporal comorbidity between internalizing and externalizing conditions (e.g., Aldao & De Los Reyes, 2015; De Los Reyes & Aldao, 2015; Drabick & Kendall, 2010; Jarrett & Ollendick, 2008; Patrick & Hajcak, 2016). However, close inspection of this work reveals two very pertinent areas of growth: (a) this literature is characterized by mixed findings that are likely explained, in part, by methodological heterogeneity; and (b) emotion regulation tends to be studied in relatively narrow terms. To address these issues, we provide a series of recommendations for facilitating cross-study comparisons and leveraging multifaceted approaches to studying emotion regulation processes within a developmental psychopathology framework. We hope that our perspective can enhance the organization and growth of this very important area of inquiry, and ultimately result in more effective prevention and treatment programs.

Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 28 , Special Issue 4pt1: Mechanisms of Comorbidity, Continuity, and Discontinuity in Psychopathology , November 2016 , pp. 927 - 946
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abela, J. R., & Hankin, B. L. (2011). Rumination as a vulnerability factor to depression during the transition from early to middle adolescence: A multiwave longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achenbach, T. M. (2011). Commentary: Definitely more than measurement error: But how should we understand and deal with informant discrepancies? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 80–86.Google Scholar
Aldao, A. (2013). The future of emotion regulation research: Capturing context. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 155–172.Google Scholar
Aldao, A., & De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Commentary: A practical guide for translating basic research on affective science to implementing physiology in clinical child and adolescent assessments. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 341–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aldao, A., & De Los Reyes, A. (2016). Introduction to the special section: Toward implementing physiological measures in clinical assessments of adult mental health. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 1–4.Google Scholar
Aldao, A., & Dixon-Gordon, K. L. (2014). Broadening the scope of research on emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43, 22–33.Google Scholar
Aldao, A., Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies: Interactive effects during CBT for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 382–389.Google Scholar
Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012). When are adaptive strategies most predictive of psychopathology? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 276.Google Scholar
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217–237.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Anticevic, A., Van Snellenberg, J. X., & Barch, D. M. (2012). Neurobiology of emotional dysfunction in schizophrenia: New directions revealed through meta-analyses. Biological Psychiatry, 71, e23–e24; author reply e25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banks, S. J., Eddy, K. T., Angstadt, M., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2007). Amygdala–frontal connectivity during emotion regulation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2, 303–312.Google Scholar
Barlow, D. H., Allen, L. B., & Choate, M. L. (2004). Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 35, 205–230.Google Scholar
Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R., & Ellard, K. K. (2014). The nature, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroticism back to the future. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 344–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P. (2001). Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 183.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P. (2015a). Future directions in emotion dysregulation and youth psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44, 875–896. doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1038827.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P. (2015b). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: A transdiagnostic biomarker of emotion dysregulation and psychopathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 43–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchaine, T. P., Gatzke-Kopp, L., & Mead, H. K. (2007). Polyvagal theory and developmental psychopathology: Emotion dysregulation and conduct problems from preschool to adolescence. Biological Psychology, 74, 174–184.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., & Klein, D. N. (in press). Classifying psychopathology: The DSM, empirically-based taxonomies, and the Research Domain Criteria. In Beauchaine, T. P. & Hinshaw, S. P. (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychopathology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., & McNulty, T. (2013). Comorbidities and continuities as ontogenic processes: Toward a developmental spectrum model of externalizing psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 1505–1528.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2015). Heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic biomarker of psychopathology. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 98, 338–350.Google Scholar
Bierman, K. L., Kalvin, C. B., & Heinrichs, B. S. (2015). Early childhood precursors and adolescent sequelae of grade school peer rejection and victimization. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 367–379.Google Scholar
Blair, C., & Diamond, A. (2008). Biological processes in prevention and intervention: The promotion of self-regulation as a means of preventing school failure. Developmental Psychopathology, 20, 899–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blair, R. J. R. (2008). The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: Functional contributions and dysfunction in psychopathy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 363, 2557–2565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blair, R. J. R. (2013). The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14, 786–799.Google Scholar
Boyce, W. T., Quas, J., Alkon, A., Smider, N. A., Essex, M. J., Kupfer, D. J., et al. (2001). Autonomic reactivity and psychopathology in middle childhood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 144–150.Google Scholar
Brière, F. N., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Klein, D., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2014). Comorbidity between major depression and alcohol use disorder from adolescence to adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55, 526–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, T. A. (2007). Temporal course and structural relationships among dimensions of temperament and DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorder constructs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 313.Google Scholar
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehman, C. L., Grisham, J. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001). Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 585.Google Scholar
Bubier, J. L., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2009). Co-occurring anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders: The roles of anxious symptoms, reactive aggression, and shared risk processes. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 658–669.Google Scholar
Buckholtz, J. W., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2012). Psychopathology and the human connectome: Toward a transdiagnostic model of risk for mental illness. Neuron, 74, 990–1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buehler, C., Lange, G., & Franck, K. L. (2007). Adolescents’ cognitive and emotional responses to marital hostility. Child Development, 78, 775–789.Google Scholar
Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Thomason, M. E., Vaidya, C. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children: Evidence from fMRI. Neuron, 33, 301–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Ruttle, P. L., Molloy, E. K., Armstrong, J. M., Oler, J. A., et al. (2012). Developmental pathways to amygdala–prefrontal function and internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 1736–1741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165.Google Scholar
Carstensen, L. L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., et al. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26, 21–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S., & Ressler, K. J. (2013). DSM-5 and RDoC: Progress in psychiatry research? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14, 810–814.Google Scholar
Casey, B. J., Epstein, J. N., Buhle, J., Liston, C., Davidson, M. C., Tonev, S. T., et al. (2007). Frontostriatal connectivity and its role in cognitive control in parent–child dyads with ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1729–1736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casey, B. J., Galván, A., & Somerville, L. H. (2016). Beyond simple models of adolescence to an integrated circuit-based account: A commentary. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 128–130.Google Scholar
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., et al. (2014). The p factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119–137.Google Scholar
Chaplin, T. M., & Aldao, A. (2013). Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 735.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chareyron, L. J., Lavenex, P. B., Amaral, D. G., & Lavenex, P. (2012). Postnatal development of the amygdala: A stereological study in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 520, 1965–1984.Google Scholar
Christensen, K. A., Aldao, A., Sheridan, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (in press). Habitual reappraisal in context: Peer victimisation moderates its association with physiological reactivity to social stress. Cognition and Emotion. doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1103701 Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D. (1984). The emergence of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicchetti, D. (1989). Developmental psychopathology: Some thoughts on its evolution. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 1–10.Google Scholar
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 73–102.Google Scholar
Conklin, L. R., Cassiello-Robbins, C., Brake, C. A., Sauer-Zavala, S., Farchione, T. J., Ciraulo, D. A., et al. (2015). Relationships among adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and psychopathology during the treatment of comorbid anxiety and alcohol use disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 124–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalley, J. W., Mar, A. C., Economidou, D., & Robbins, T. W. (2008). Neurobehavioral mechanisms of impulsivity: Fronto-striatal systems and functional neurochemistry. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 90, 250–260.Google Scholar
De Bellis, M. D., Casey, B. J., Dahl, R. E., Birmaher, B., Williamson, D. E., Thomas, K. M., et al. (2000). A pilot study of amygdala volumes in pediatric generalized anxiety disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 51–57.Google Scholar
De Brito, S. A., Mechelli, A., Wilke, M., Laurens, K. R., Jones, A. P., Barker, G. J., et al. (2009). Size matters: Increased grey matter in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Brain, 132, 843–852.Google Scholar
Decety, J., Norman, G. J., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012). A neurobehavioral evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms underlying empathy. Progress in Neurobiology, 98, 38–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delgado, M. R., Nearing, K. I., LeDoux, J. E., & Phelps, E. A. (2008). Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction. Neuron, 59, 829–838.Google Scholar
De Los Reyes, A. (2013). Strategic objectives for improving understanding of informant discrepancies in developmental psychopathology research. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 669–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Los Reyes, A., & Aldao, A. (2015). Introduction to the special issue: Toward implementing physiological measures in clinical child and adolescent assessments. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 221–237.Google Scholar
De Los Reyes, A., Alfano, C. A., Lau, S., Augenstein, T. M., & Borelli, J. L. (2016). Can we use convergence between caregiver reports of adolescent mental health to index severity of adolescent mental health concerns? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 109–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A. G., Burgers, D. E., et al. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 858–900.Google Scholar
De Los Reyes, A., Bunnell, B. E., & Beidel, D. C. (2013). Informant discrepancies in adult social anxiety disorder assessments: Links with contextual variations in observed behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Los Reyes, A., Henry, D. B., Tolan, P. H., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2009). Linking informant discrepancies to observed variations in young children's disruptive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 637–652.Google Scholar
De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 483–509.Google Scholar
De Los Reyes, A., Thomas, S. A., Goodman, K. L., & Kundey, S. M. (2013). Principles underlying the use of multiple informants’ reports. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deykin, E. Y., Levy, J. C., & Wells, V. (1987). Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 178–182.Google Scholar
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Aldao, A., & De Los Reyes, A. (2015). Emotion regulation in context: Examining the spontaneous use of strategies across emotional intensity and type of emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drabick, D. A. G., & Kendall, P. C. (2010). Developmental psychopathology and the diagnosis of mental health problems among youth. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17, 272–280.Google Scholar
Drabick, D. A. G., Ollendick, T. H., & Bubier, J. L. (2010). Co-occurrence of ODD and anxiety: Shared risk processes and evidence for a dual-pathway model. Clinical Psychology, 17, 307–318.Google Scholar
Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 203–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ehrenreich-May, J., & Bilek, E. L. (2012). The development of a transdiagnostic, cognitive behavioral group intervention for childhood anxiety disorders and co-occurring depression symptoms. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 41–55.Google Scholar
Ehrenreich-May, J., Queen, A. H., Bilek, E. L., Remmes, C. R., & Marciel, K. K. (2013). The unified protocols for the treatment of emotional disorders in children and adolescents. In Barlow, D. H., Farchione, T. J., Fairholme, C. P., Ellard, K. K., Boisseau, C. L., Allen, L. B., et al. (Eds.), Transdiagnostic treatments for children and adolescents: Principles and practice (pp. 267–292). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1, 192–205.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1992). Emotion, regulation, and the development of social competence. In Clark, M. S. (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Vol. 14. Emotion and social behavior (pp. 119–150). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Erk, S., Mikschl, A., Stier, S., Ciaramidaro, A., Gapp, V., Weber, B., et al. (2010). Acute and sustained effects of cognitive emotion regulation in major depression. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 15726–15734.Google Scholar
Etkin, A., Büchel, C., & Gross, J. J. (2015). The neural bases of emotion regulation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16, 693–700.Google Scholar
Fairholme, C. P., Boisseau, C. L., Ellard, K. K., Ehrenreich, J. T., & Barlow, D. H. (2009). Emotions, emotion regulation, and psychological treatment: A unified perspective. In Kring, A. M. & Sloan, D. M. (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 283–309). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Fakra, E., Salgado-Pineda, P., Delaveau, P., Hariri, A. R., & Blin, O. (2008). Neural bases of different cognitive strategies for facial affect processing in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 100, 191–205.Google Scholar
Falk, A. E., Lee, S. S., & Chorpita, B. F. (2015). Differential association of youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety with delinquency and aggression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. Advance online publication.Google Scholar
First, M. B. (2005). Mutually exclusive versus co-occurring diagnostic categories: The challenge of diagnostic comorbidity. Psychopathology, 38, 206–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forehand, R., Jones, D. J., & Parent, J. (2013). Behavioral parenting interventions for child disruptive behaviors and anxiety: What's different and what's the same. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 133–145.Google Scholar
Fraire, M. G., & Ollendick, T. H. (2013). Anxiety and oppositional defiant disorder: A transdiagnostic conceptualization. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 229–240.Google Scholar
Frances, A. (2013). Saving normal: An insider's revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis, DSM-5, big pharma, and the medicalization of ordinary life (1st ed.). New York: William Morrow.Google Scholar
Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Gee, D. G., Humphreys, K. L., Telzer, E., et al. (2014). The development of human amygdala functional connectivity at rest from 4 to 23 years: A cross-sectional study. NeuroImage, 95, 193–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaffrey, M. S., Luby, J. L., Belden, A. C., Hirshberg, J. S., Volsch, J., & Barch, D. M. (2011). Association between depression severity and amygdala reactivity during sad face viewing in depressed preschoolers: An fMRI study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 129, 364–370.Google Scholar
Galvan, A., Hare, T. A., Parra, C. E., Penn, J., Voss, H., Glover, G., et al. (2006). Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-taking behavior in adolescents. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 6885–6892.Google Scholar
Garner, W. R., Hake, H. W., & Eriksen, C. W. (1956). Operationism and the concept of perception. Psychological Review, 63, 149.Google Scholar
Gee, D. G., & Casey, B. J. (2015). The impact of developmental timing for stress and recovery. Neurobiology of Stress, 1, 184–194.Google Scholar
Gee, D. G., Fetcho, R. N., Jing, D., Li, A., Glatt, C. E., Drysdale, A. T., et al. (2016). Individual differences in frontolimbic circuitry and anxiety emerge with adolescent changes in endocannabinoid signaling across species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 4500–4505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gee, D. G., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Humphreys, K. L., Telzer, E. H., et al. (2013). Early developmental emergence of human amygdala–prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 15638–15643 Google Scholar
Gee, D. G., Gabard-Durnam, L., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Goff, B., Shapiro, M., et al. (2014). Maternal buffering of human amygdala–prefrontal circuitry during childhood but not during adolescence. Psychological Science, 25, 2067–2078.Google Scholar
Gee, D. G., Humphreys, K. L., Flannery, J., Goff, B., Telzer, E. H., Shapiro, M., et al. (2013). A developmental shift from positive to negative connectivity in human amygdala–prefrontal circuitry. Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 4584–4593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gee, D. G., Karlsgodt, K. H., van Erp, T. G., Bearden, C. E., Lieberman, M. D., Belger, A., et al. (2012). Altered age-related trajectories of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study. Schizophrenia Research, 134, 1–9.Google Scholar
Glenn, A. L., & Yang, Y. (2012). The potential role of the striatum in antisocial behavior and psychopathy. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 817–822.Google Scholar
Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. J. (2008). The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 577–586.Google Scholar
Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2011). Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: Neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12, 652–669.Google Scholar
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.Google Scholar
Graziano, P., & Derefinko, K. (2013). Cardiac vagal control and children's adaptive functioning: A meta-analysis. Biological Psychology, 94, 22–37.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26, 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, J. J., & Barrett, L. F. (2011). Emotion generation and emotion regulation: One or two depends on your point of view. Emotion Review, 3, 8–16.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J., & Jazaieri, H. (2014). Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: An affective science perspective. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 387–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002). Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27, 199–220.Google Scholar
Guyer, A. E., Monk, C. S., McClure-Tone, E. B., Nelson, E. E., Roberson-Nay, R., Adler, A. D., et al. (2008). A developmental examination of amygdala response to facial expressions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 1565–1582.Google Scholar
Halligan, S. L., Cooper, P. J., Fearon, P., Wheeler, S. L., Crosby, M., & Murray, L. (2013). The longitudinal development of emotion regulation capacities in children at risk for externalizing disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 391–406.Google Scholar
Hankin, B. L. (2008). Rumination and depression in adolescence: Investigating symptom specificity in a multiwave prospective study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 701–713.Google Scholar
Hanson, J. L., Chung, M. K., Avants, B. B., Shirtcliff, E. A., Gee, J. C., Davidson, R. J., et al. (2010). Early stress is associated with alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex: A tensor-based morphometry investigation of brain structure and behavioral risk. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 7466–7472.Google Scholar
Hare, T. A., Tottenham, N., Galvan, A., Voss, H. U., Glover, G. H., & Casey, B. J. (2008). Biological substrates of emotional reactivity and regulation in adolescence during an emotional go-nogo task. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 927–934.Google Scholar
Hartley, A. G., Zakriski, A. L., & Wright, J. C. (2011). Probing the depths of informant discrepancies: Contextual influences on divergence and convergence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40, 54–66.Google Scholar
Harvey, A. G., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., & Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Heatherton, T. F., & Wagner, D. D. (2011). Cognitive neuroscience of self-regulation failure. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 132–139.Google Scholar
Heleniak, C., Jenness, J. L., Stoep, A. V., McCauley, E., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2015). Childhood maltreatment exposure and disruptions in emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic pathway to adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Cognitive Therapy and Research. Advance online publication.Google Scholar
Heller, A. S. (2016). Cortical–subcortical interactions in depression: From animal models to human psychopathology. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. Advance online publication. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00020.Google Scholar
Heller, A. S., Johnstone, T., Shackman, A. J., Light, S. N., Peterson, M. J., Kolden, G. G., et al. (2009). Reduced capacity to sustain positive emotion in major depression reflects diminished maintenance of fronto-striatal brain activation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 22445–22450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herringa, R. J., Birn, R. M., Ruttle, P. L., Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Davidson, R. J., et al. (2013). Childhood maltreatment is associated with altered fear circuitry and increased internalizing symptoms by late adolescence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 19119–19124.Google Scholar
Hettema, J. M., Prescott, C. A., & Kendler, K. S. (2003). The effects of anxiety, substance use and conduct disorders on risk of major depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 33, 1423–1432.Google Scholar
Hilt, L. M., Armstrong, J. M., & Essex, M. J. (2015). Rumination and moderators of multifinality: Predicting internalizing symptoms and alcohol use during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. Advance online publication.Google Scholar
Hinnant, J. B., & El-Sheikh, M. (2009). Children's externalizing and internalizing symptoms over time: The role of individual differences in patterns of RSA responding. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 1049–1061.Google Scholar
Hinnant, J. B., & El-Sheikh, M. (2013). Codevelopment of externalizing and internalizing symptoms in middle to late childhood: Sex, baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity as predictors. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 419–436.Google Scholar
Hinshaw, S. P. (2015). Developmental psychopathology, ontogenic process models, gene–environment interplay, and brain development: An emerging synthesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 771.Google Scholar
Hofer, M. A. (1994). Early relationships as regulators of infant physiology and behavior. Acta Paediatrica, 83, 9–18.Google Scholar
Hofmann, S. G. (2014). Interpersonal emotion regulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 483–492.Google Scholar
Hollenstein, T., Granic, I., Stoolmiller, M., & Snyder, J. (2004). Rigidity in parent–child interactions and the development of externalizing and internalizing behavior in early childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 595–607.Google Scholar
Hulvershorn, L. A., Cullen, K., & Anand, A. (2011). Toward dysfunctional connectivity: A review of neuroimaging findings in pediatric major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 5, 307–328.Google Scholar
Hulvershorn, L. A., Mennes, M., Castellanos, F. X., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., Hummer, T. A., et al. (2014). Abnormal amygdala functional connectivity associated with emotional lability in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 351–361.Google Scholar
Hunsley, J., & Mash, E. J. (2007). Evidence-based assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 29.Google Scholar
Hussong, A. M., Jones, D. J., Stein, G. L., Baucom, D. H., & Boeding, S. (2011). An internalizing pathway to alcohol use and disorder. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 390.Google Scholar
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., et al. (2010). Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 16, 748–751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacowitz, D. M., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2012). Linking process and outcome in the study of emotion and aging. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 3–17.Google Scholar
Izard, C. E., Trentacosta, C. J., King, K. A., & Mostow, A. J. (2004). An emotion-based prevention program for Head Start children. Early Education and Development, 15, 407–422.Google Scholar
Jarrett, M. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2008). A conceptual review of the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety: Implications for future research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1266–1280.Google Scholar
Jose, P. E., & Brown, I. (2008). When does the gender difference in rumination begin? Gender and age differences in the use of rumination by adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 180–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karalunas, S. L., Fair, D., Musser, E. D., Aykes, K., Iyer, S. P., & Nigg, J. T. (2014). Subtyping attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using temperament dimensions: Toward biologically based nosologic criteria. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 1015–1024.Google Scholar
Kashdan, T. B., Ferssizidis, P., Collins, R. L., & Muraven, M. (2010). Emotion differentiation as resilience against excessive alcohol use an ecological momentary assessment in underage social drinkers. Psychological Science, 21, 1341–1347.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627.Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Ormel, J., Petukhova, M., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Russo, L. J., et al. (2011). Development of lifetime comorbidity in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 90–100.Google Scholar
Kim, H., Somerville, L. H., Johnstone, T., Alexander, A. L., & Whalen, P. J. (2003). Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces. NeuroReport, 14, 2317–2322.Google Scholar
Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 51, 706–716.Google Scholar
Kim, M. J., Loucks, R. A., Palmer, A. L., Brown, A. C., Solomon, K. M., Marchante, A. N., et al. (2011). The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: From normal emotion to pathological anxiety. Behavioural Brain Research, 223, 403–410.Google Scholar
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2001). Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, 97–129.Google Scholar
Kring, A. M., & Caponigro, J. M. (2010). Emotion in schizophrenia where feeling meets thinking. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 255–259.Google Scholar
Kring, A. M., & Sloan, D. M. (2009). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kross, E., Ayduk, O., & Mischel, W. (2005). When asking “why” does not hurt: Distinguishing rumination from reflective processing of negative emotions. Psychological Science, 16, 709–715.Google Scholar
Kushner, M. G., Sher, K. J., & Beitman, B. D. (1990). The relation between alcohol problems and the anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 685–695.Google Scholar
Lebel, C., Gee, M., Camicioli, R., Wieler, M., Martin, W., & Beaulieu, C. (2012). Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tract evolution over the lifespan. NeuroImage, 60, 340–352.Google Scholar
Lee, F. S., Heimer, H., Giedd, J. N., Lein, E. S., Šestan, N., Weinberger, D. R., et al. (2014). Adolescent mental health—Opportunity and obligation. Science, 346, 547–549.Google Scholar
Lee, S. S., Falk, A. E., & Aguirre, V. P. (2012). Association of comorbid anxiety with social functioning in school-age children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatry Research, 197, 90–96.Google Scholar
Lenroot, R. K., & Giedd, J. N. (2006). Brain development in children and adolescents: Insights from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 718–729.Google Scholar
Levy, J. C., & Deykin, E. Y. (1989). Suicidality, depression, and substance abuse in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1462–1467.Google Scholar
Lewinsohn, P. M., Gotlib, I. H., & Seeley, J. R. (1995). Adolescent psychopathology: IV. Specificity of psychosocial risk factors for depression and substance abuse in older adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1221–1229.Google Scholar
Lieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. I., Crockett, M. J., Tom, S. M., Pfeifer, J. H., & Way, B. M. (2007). Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. Psychological Science, 18, 421–428.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive–behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Livingstone, K. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2015). Situation selection and modification for emotion regulation in younger and older adults. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6, 904–910.Google Scholar
Luking, K. R., Repovs, G., Belden, A. C., Gaffrey, M. S., Botteron, K. N., Luby, J. L., et al. (2011). Functional connectivity of the amygdala in early-childhood-onset depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 1027–1041.Google Scholar
Machado, C. J., & Bachevalier, J. (2003). Non-human primate models of childhood psychopathology: The promise and the limitations. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 64–87.Google Scholar
Maier, S. J., Szalkowski, A., Kamphausen, S., Feige, B., Perlov, E., Kalisch, R., et al. (2014). Altered cingulate and amygdala response towards threat and safe cues in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine, 44, 85–98.Google Scholar
Marroquín, B. (2011). Interpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism of social support in depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1276–1290.Google Scholar
Marsh, A. A., Finger, E. C., Mitchell, D. G., Reid, M. E., Sims, C., Kosson, D. S., et al. (2008). Reduced amygdala response to fearful expressions in children and adolescents with callous–unemotional traits and disruptive behavior disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 712–720.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 491–495.Google Scholar
Mauss, I. B., & Robinson, M. D. (2009). Measures of emotion: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 209–237.Google Scholar
McCoy, C. L., & Masters, J. C. (1985). The development of children's strategies for the social control of emotion. Child Development, 56, 1214–1222.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, K. A., Aldao, A., Wisco, B. E., & Hilt, L. M. (2014). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor underlying transitions between internalizing symptoms and aggressive behavior in early adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 13.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mennin, D. S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 544–554.Google Scholar
McRae, K., Gross, J. J., Weber, J., Robertson, E. R., Sokol-Hessner, P., Ray, R. D., et al. (2012). The development of emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in children, adolescents and young adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 11–22.Google Scholar
Mennin, D., Biederman, J., Mick, E., & Faraone, S. V. (2000). Towards defining a meaningful anxiety phenotype for research in ADHD children. Journal of Attention Disorders, 3, 192–199.Google Scholar
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive–affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., Kim-Cohen, J., Goldberg, D., Gregory, A. M., et al. (2007). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 651–660.Google Scholar
Monk, C. S., Telzer, E. H., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Mai, X., Louro, H. M., et al. (2008). Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation to masked angry faces in children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 568–576.Google Scholar
New, A. S., Hazlett, E. A., Buchsbaum, M. S., Goodman, M., Mitelman, S. A., Newmark, R., et al. (2007). Amygdala–prefrontal disconnection in borderline personality disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 1629–1640.Google Scholar
Nock, M. K., Wedig, M. M., Holmberg, E. B., & Hooley, J. M. (2008). The emotion reactivity scale: Development, evaluation, and relation to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Behavior Therapy, 39, 107–116.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Aldao, A. (2011). Gender and age differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 704–708.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Stice, E., Wade, E., & Bohon, C. (2007). Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 198.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Watkins, E. R. (2011). A heuristic for developing transdiagnostic models of psychopathology explaining multifinality and divergent trajectories. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 589–609.Google Scholar
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424.Google Scholar
Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2002). Rethinking feelings: An fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 1215–1229.Google Scholar
Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 242–249.Google Scholar
Oldehinkel, A. J., Verhulst, F. C., & Ormel, J. (2008). Low heart rate: A marker of stress resilience. The TRAILS study. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 1141–1146.Google Scholar
Pang, K. C., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2013). Longitudinal patterns of autonomic nervous system responding to emotion evocation among children with conduct problems and/or depression. Developmental Psychobiology, 55, 698–706.Google Scholar
Passarotti, A. M., Ellis, J., Wegbreit, E., Stevens, M. C., & Pavuluri, M. N. (2012). Reduced functional connectivity of prefrontal regions and amygdala within affect and working memory networks in pediatric bipolar disorder. Brain Connectivity, 2, 320–334.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., & Hajcak, G. (2016). Reshaping clinical science: Introduction to the special issue on psychophysiology and the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. Psychophysiology, 53, 281–285.Google Scholar
Payne, C., Machado, C. J., Bliwise, N. G., & Bachevalier, J. (2010). Maturation of the hippocampal formation and amygdala in Macaca mulatta: A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study. Hippocampus, 20, 922–935.Google Scholar
Peled, M., & Moretti, M. M. (2007). Rumination on anger and sadness in adolescence: Fueling of fury and deepening of despair. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 66–75.Google Scholar
Perlman, S. B., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2011). Developing connections for affective regulation: Age-related changes in emotional brain connectivity. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108, 607–620.Google Scholar
Pezawas, L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Drabant, E. M., Verchinski, B. A., Munoz, K. E., Kolachana, B. S., et al. (2005). 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate–amygdala interactions: A genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 828–834.Google Scholar
Pfeifer, J. C., Welge, J., Strakowski, S. M., Adler, C., & Delbello, M. P. (2008). Meta-analysis of amygdala volumes in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 1289–1298.Google Scholar
Phelps, E. A., Delgado, M. R., Nearing, K. I., & LeDoux, J. E. (2004). Extinction learning in humans: Role of the amygdala and vmPFC. Neuron, 43, 897–905.Google Scholar
Pine, D. S., Cohen, P., Gurley, D., Brook, J., & Ma, Y. (1998). The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 56–64.Google Scholar
Plichta, M. M., & Scheres, A. (2014). Ventral–striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 125–134.Google Scholar
Plichta, M. M., Vasic, N., Wolf, R. C., Lesch, K.-P., Brummer, D., Jacob, C., et al. (2009). Neural hyporesponsiveness and hyperresponsiveness during immediate and delayed reward processing in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 7–14.Google Scholar
Porges, S. W. (2007). The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology, 74, 116–143.Google Scholar
Posner, J., Nagel, B. J., Maia, T. V., Mechling, A., Oh, M., Wang, Z., et al. (2011). Abnormal amygdalar activation and connectivity in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 828–837.Google Scholar
Prakash, R. S., Whitmoyer, P., Aldao, A., & Schirda, B. (2015). Mindfulness and emotion regulation in older and young adults. Aging & Mental Health. Advance online publication.Google Scholar
Pruzan, K., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2006). An attentional application of socioemotional selectivity theory in college students. Social Development, 15, 326–338.Google Scholar
Rauch, S. L., Shin, L. M., & Wright, C. I. (2003). Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 985, 389–410.Google Scholar
Rich, B. A., Fromm, S. J., Berghorst, L. H., Dickstein, D. P., Brotman, M. A., Pine, D. S., et al. (2008). Neural connectivity in children with bipolar disorder: Impairment in the face emotion processing circuit. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 88–96.Google Scholar
Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 1083.Google Scholar
Rose, A. J. (2002). Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Development, 73, 1830–1843.Google Scholar
Rose, A. J., Carlson, W., & Waller, E. M. (2007). Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1019–1031.Google Scholar
Roy, A. K., Fudge, J. L., Kelly, C., Perry, J. S. A., Daniele, T., Carlisi, C., et al. (2013). Intrinsic functional connectivity of amygdala-based networks in adolescent generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52, 290–299.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., Kim-Cohen, J., & Maughan, B. (2006). Continuities and discontinuities in psychopathology between childhood and adult life. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 276–295.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: Concepts and challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 265–296.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K. J., Kozak, M. J., Garvey, M. A., Heinssen, R. K., et al. (2010). Developing constructs for psychopathology research: Research domain criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 631.Google Scholar
Schatz, D. B., & Rostain, A. L. (2006). ADHD with comorbid anxiety: A review of the current literature. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10, 141–149.Google Scholar
Shadur, J. M., & Lejuez, C. W. (2015). Adolescent substance use and comorbid psychopathology: Emotion regulation deficits as a transdiagnostic risk factor. Current Addiction Reports, 2, 354–363.Google Scholar
Shallcross, S. L., Frazier, P. A., & Anders, S. L. (2014). Social resources mediate the relations between attachment dimensions and distress following potentially traumatic events. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 352.Google Scholar
Shaw, P., Malek, M., Watson, B., Sharp, W., Evans, A., & Greenstein, D. (2012). Development of cortical surface area and gyrification in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 191–197.Google Scholar
Sher, K. J., & Grekin, E. R. (2007). Alcohol and affect regulation. In Gross, J. G. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 560–580). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Emotion regulation among school-age children: The development and validation of a new criterion Q-sort scale. Developmental Psychology, 33, 906–916.Google Scholar
Shin, L. M., Wright, C. I., Cannistraro, P. A., Wedig, M. M., McMullin, K., Martis, B., et al. (2005). A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 273–281.Google Scholar
Siegle, G. J., Thompson, W., Carter, C. S., Steinhauer, S. R., & Thase, M. E. (2007). Increased amygdala and decreased dorsolateral prefrontal BOLD responses in unipolar depression: Related and independent features. Biological Psychiatry, 61, 198–209.Google Scholar
Silbersweig, D., Clarkin, J. F., Goldstein, M., Kernberg, O. F., Tuescher, O., Levy, K. N., et al. (2007). Failure of frontolimbic inhibitory function in the context of negative emotion in borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1832–1841.Google Scholar
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents’ emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869–1880.Google Scholar
Silvers, J. A., Weber, J., Wager, T. D., & Ochsner, K. N. (2014). Bad and worse: Neural systems underlying reappraisal of high- and low-intensity negative emotions. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. Advance online publicationGoogle Scholar
Sims, T., Hogan, C. L., & Carstensen, L. L. (2015). Selectivity as an emotion regulation strategy: Lessons from older adults. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 80–84.Google Scholar
Smith, R. L., & Rose, A. J. (2011). The “cost of caring” in youths’ friendships: Considering associations among social perspective taking, co-rumination, and empathetic distress. Developmental Psychology, 47, 1792–1803.Google Scholar
Somerville, L. H., Hare, T., & Casey, B. J. (2011). Frontostriatal maturation predicts cognitive control failure to appetitive cues in adolescents. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 2123–2134.Google Scholar
Spasojević, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2001). Rumination as a common mechanism relating depressive risk factors to depression. Emotion, 1, 25.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A., & Rutter, M. (1984). The domain of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 17–29.Google Scholar
Steinberg, E. A., & Drabick, D. A. G. (2015). A developmental psychopathology perspective on ADHD and comorbid conditions: The role of emotion regulation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46, 951–966.Google Scholar
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Golub, A., & Cromwell, E. N. (2001). Development and validation of the anger rumination scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 689–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svaldi, J., Griepenstroh, J., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Ehring, T. (2012). Emotion regulation deficits in eating disorders: A marker of eating pathology or general psychopathology? Psychiatry Research, 197, 103–111.Google Scholar
Swartz, J. R., Williamson, D. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2014). Developmental change in amygdala reactivity during adolescence: Effects of family history of depression and stressful life events. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 276–283.Google Scholar
Tajima-Pozo, K., Yus, M., Ruiz-Manrique, G., Lewczuk, A., Arrazola, J., & Montañes-Rada, F. (2016). Amygdala abnormalities in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1087054716629213 Google Scholar
Taylor, S. F., Kang, J., Brege, I. S., Tso, I. F., Hosanagar, A., & Johnson, T. D. (2012). Meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of emotion perception and experience in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 71, 136–145.Google Scholar
Thayer, J. F., Ahs, F., Fredrikson, M., Sollers, J. J., & Wager, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: Implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 747–756.Google Scholar
Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, 201–216.Google Scholar
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25–52.Google Scholar
Tottenham, N., Hare, T. A., & Casey, B. J. (2011). Behavioral assessment of emotion discrimination, emotion regulation, and cognitive control in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 2.Google Scholar
Tottenham, N., & Sheridan, M. A. (2009). A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: A consideration of developmental timing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. Advance online publication. doi:0.3389/neuro.09.068.2009 Google Scholar
Townsend, J. D., Torrisi, S. J., Lieberman, M. D., Sugar, C. A., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Altshuler, L. L. (2013). Frontal–amygdala connectivity alterations during emotion downregulation in bipolar I disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 73, 127–135.Google Scholar
Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2013). A person-by-situation approach to emotion regulation cognitive reappraisal can either help or hurt, depending on the context. Psychological Science, 24, 2505–2514.Google Scholar
Tull, M. T., & Aldao, A. (2015). Editorial overview: New directions in the science of emotion regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, iv–x.Google Scholar
Van den Bergh, B. R., & Marcoen, A. (2004). High antenatal maternal anxiety is related to ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and anxiety in 8- and 9-year-olds. Child Development, 75, 1085–1097.Google Scholar
Vink, M., Derks, J. M., Hoogendam, J. M., Hillegers, M., & Kahn, R. S. (2014). Functional differences in emotion processing during adolescence and early adulthood. NeuroImage, 91, 70–76.Google Scholar
Wager, T. D., Davidson, M. L., Hughes, B. L., Lindquist, M. A., & Ochsner, K. N. (2008). Prefrontal-subcortical pathways mediating successful emotion regulation. Neuron, 59, 1037–1050.Google Scholar
Wang, F., Kalmar, J. H., He, Y., Jackowski, M., Chepenik, L. G., Edmiston, E. E., et al. (2009). Functional and structural connectivity between the perigenual anterior cingulate and amygdala in bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 66, 516–521.Google Scholar
Webster-Stratton, C., Jamila Reid, M., & Stoolmiller, M. (2008). Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: Evaluation of the Incredible Years Teacher and Child Training Programs in high-risk schools. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 471–488.Google Scholar
Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., Davis, L. T., Searcy, J., Williams, I., & Gratz, K. L. (2015). A preliminary experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity in risky behaviours. Behaviour Change, 32, 127–142.Google Scholar
Wolf, D. H., Satterthwaite, T. D., Calkins, M. E., Ruparel, K., Elliott, M. A., Hopson, R. D., et al. (2015). Functional neuroimaging abnormalities in youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry, 72, 456–465.Google Scholar
Yang, T. T., Simmons, A. N., Matthews, S. C., Tapert, S. F., Frank, G. K., Max, J. E., et al. (2010). Adolescents with major depression demonstrate increased amygdala activation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 42–51.Google Scholar
Yeung, D. Y., Wong, C. K. M., & Lok, D. P. P. (2011). Emotion regulation mediates age differences in emotions. Aging & Mental Health, 15, 414–418.Google Scholar
Zaki, J., & Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13, 803.Google Scholar
Zhang, X., Ersner-Hershfield, H., & Fung, H. H. (2010). Age differences in poignancy: Cognitive reappraisal as a moderator. Psychology and Aging, 25, 310–320.Google Scholar
Zisner, A., & Beauchaine, T. (2016). Psychophysiological methods and developmental psychopathology. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2. Developmental neuroscience (3rd ed., pp. 832–884). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Zisner, A., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2015). Psychophysiology (peripheral). In Lilienfeld, S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of clinical psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar