Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:43:48.031Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The predictive significance of early caregiving experiences for symptoms of psychopathology through midadolescence: Enduring or transient effects?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2012

John D. Haltigan ,
Glenn I. Roisman  and
R. Chris Fraley
John D. Haltigan
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Glenn I. Roisman*
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
R. Chris Fraley
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Glenn I. Roisman, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820; E-mail: roisman@llinois.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A fundamental question in the discipline of developmental psychopathology is whether early interpersonal experiences influence maladaptation in enduring or transient ways. We address this issue by applying a structural modeling approach developed by us to examine data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development on maternal sensitivity in the first 3 years of life and its association with symptoms of psychopathology through age 15. Results suggest that there may be enduring effects of early caregiving experiences on symptomatology as rated by teachers, although such effects were not found for maternal report. Additional analyses indicated that enduring associations found via teacher report could not be fully accounted for by continuity in caregiving experiences or by early contextual adversity.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 25 , Issue 1: Gene–Environment Correlation in Developmental Psychopathology , February 2013 , pp. 209 - 221
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. (1986). Manual for the Teacher Report Form and teacher version of the Child Behavior Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M., Edelbrock, C., & Howell, C. (1987). Empirically-based assessment of the behavioral/ emotional problems of 2–3 year old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 629–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, J. P., Hall, F. D., Insabella, G. M., Land, D. J., Marsh, P. A., & Porter, M. R. (2003). Supportive behavior task coding manual. Unpublished manuscript, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.Google Scholar
Allen, J. P., Hauser, S. T., Bell, K. L., McElhaney, K. B., & Tate, D. C. (1996). Autonomy and relatedness coding system manual, version 2.14. Unpublished manuscript, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.Google Scholar
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2006). Gene–environment interaction of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and observed maternal insensitivity predicting externalizing behavior in preschoolers. Developmental Psychobiology, 48, 406–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.Google Scholar
Belsky, J., & Fearon, R. M. P. (2002a). Early attachment security, subsequent maternal sensitivity, and later child development: Does continuity in development depend upon continuity of caregiving? Attachment and Human Development, 4, 361–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., & Fearon, R. M. P. (2002b). Infant–mother attachment security, contextual risk, and early development: A moderational hypothesis. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 293–310.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1944). Forty-four juvenile thieves: Their characters and their home life. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 25, 19–52.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bretherton, I. (1997). Bowlby's legacy to developmental psychology. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28, 33–43.Google Scholar
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K. A. & Long, J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Campbell, S. B., Brownell, C. A., Hungerford, A., Spieker, S. J., Mohan, R., & Blessing, J. S. (2004). The course of maternal depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity as predictors of attachment security at 36 months. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 231–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, S. B., Spieker, S., Vandergrift, N., Belsky, J., Burchinal, M., & The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2010). Predictors and sequalae of trajectories of physical aggression in school-age boys. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 133–150.Google Scholar
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Mill, J., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., et al. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, A. M., & Clarke, A. D. B. (1976). Early experience: Myth and evidence. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. M., & Clarke, A. D. B. (1981). ”Sleeper effects” in development: Fact or artifact? Developmental Review, 1, 344–360.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. M., & Clarke, A. D. B. (2000). Early experience and the life path. London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
De Wolff, M., & van IJzendoorn, M. (1997). Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis on parental antecedents of infant attachment. Child Development, 68, 571–591.Google Scholar
Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81, 435–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinman, S. (1984). Correlations in search of a theory: Interpreting the predictive validity of security of attachment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 152–153.Google Scholar
Fraley, R. C., Roisman, G. I., & Haltigan, J. D. (2012). The legacy of early experiences in development: Formalizing alternative models of how early experiences are carried forward over time. Developmental Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0027852Google ScholarPubMed
Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Fearon, R. P. (2012). The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children's internalizing symptoms: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 83, 591–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.Google Scholar
Kagan, J. (1996). Three pleasing ideas. American Psychologist, 51, 901–908.Google Scholar
Kagan, J., & Moss, H. A. (1962). From birth to maturity. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lamb, M. E., Thompson, R. A., Gardner, W. P., Charnov, E. L., & Estes, D. (1984). Security of infantile attachment as assessed in the strange situation: Its study and biological interpretation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 127–171.Google Scholar
Leerkes, E. M., Blankson, A. N., & O'Brien, M. (2009). Differential effects of maternal sensitivity to infant distress and nondistress on social–emotional functioning. Child Development, 80, 762–775.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. (1997). Altering fate: Why the past does not predict the future. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lorber, M. F., & Egeland, B. (2009). Infancy parenting and externalizing psychopathology from childhood through adulthood: Developmental trends. Developmental Psychology, 45, 909–912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Main, M. (1996). Introduction to the special section on attachment and psychopathology: 2. Overview of the field of attachment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 237–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLoyd, V. C. (1998). Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. American Psychologist, 53, 185–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Múthen, K., & Múthen, B. O. (1998–2010). Mplus user's guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles: Author.Google Scholar
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2001). Child-care and family predictors of preschool attachment and stability from infancy. Developmental Psychology, 37, 847–862.Google Scholar
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (Eds.). (2005). Child care and child development. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2006). Infant–mother attachment classification: Risk and protection in relation to changing maternal caregiving quality. Developmental Psychology, 42, 38–58.Google Scholar
Owen, M. T., Klausli, J. K., Aultman, C., Brown, G., Little, I., & Milling, L. (2006). The NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development Age 15 Parent–Adolescent Coding System. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Dallas.Google Scholar
Owen, M. T., Klausli, J. K., & Murrey, M. (2000). The NICHD Study of Early Child Care Parent–Child Interaction Scales: Middle childhood. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas at Dallas.Google Scholar
Raikes, H. A., & Thompson, R. A. (2005). Links between risk and attachment security: Models of influence. Applied Developmental Psychology, 26, 440–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roisman, G. I., Collins, W. A., Sroufe, L. A., & Egeland, B. (2005). Predictors of young adults' representations of and behavior in their current romantic relationship: Prospective tests of the prototype hypothesis. Attachment and Human Development, 7, 105–121.Google Scholar
Roisman, G. I., & Fraley, R. C. (2012). A behavior–genetic study of the legacy of early caregiving experiences: Academic skills, social competence, and externalizing behavior in kindergarten. Child Development, 83, 728–742.Google Scholar
Roisman, G. I., Monahan, K. C., Campbell, S. B., Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., & The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2010). Is adolescence-onset behavior developmentally normative? Development and Psychopathology, 22, 295–311.Google Scholar
Roisman, G. I., Susman, E., Barnett-Walker, K., Booth-LaForce, C., Owen, M. T., Belsky, J., et al. (2009). Early family and child-care antecedents of awakening cortisol levels in adolescence. Child Development, 80, 907–920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, M. (1995). Clinical implications of attachment concepts: Retrospect and prospect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 549–571.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: Concepts and challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 265–296.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A. (1997). Psychopathology as an outcome of development. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 251–268.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation From Birth to Adulthood. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Kreutzer, T. (1990). The fate of early experience following developmental change: Longitudinal approaches to individual adaptation in childhood. Child Development, 61, 1363–1373.Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A., & Rutter, M. (1984). The domain of developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 55, 17–29.Google Scholar
Vandell, D. L., Belsky, J., Burchinal, M., Steinberg, L., Vandergrift, N., & The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2010). Do effects of early child care extend to age 15 years? Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Child Development, 81, 737–756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed