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Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2009

Laura R. Stroud ,
Elizabeth Foster ,
George D. Papandonatos ,
Kathryn Handwerger ,
Douglas A. Granger ,
Katie T. Kivlighan  and
Raymond Niaura
Laura R. Stroud*
Affiliation:
Brown University
Elizabeth Foster
Affiliation:
Brown University
George D. Papandonatos
Affiliation:
Brown University
Kathryn Handwerger
Affiliation:
Tufts University
Douglas A. Granger
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Katie T. Kivlighan
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins University
Raymond Niaura
Affiliation:
Brown University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Laura R. Stroud, Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 500, 1 Hoppin Street, Providence, RI 02903; E-mail: laura_stroud@brown.edu.
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Abstract

Little is known about normative variation in stress response over the adolescent transition. This study examined neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to performance and peer rejection stressors over the adolescent transition in a normative sample. Participants were 82 healthy children (ages 7–12 years, n = 39, 22 females) and adolescents (ages 13–17, n = 43, 20 females) recruited through community postings. Following a habituation session, participants completed a performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) or peer rejection (exclusion challenges) stress session. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and heart rate were measured throughout. Adolescents showed significantly greater cortisol, sAA, SBP, and DBP stress response relative to children. Developmental differences were most pronounced in the performance stress session for cortisol and DBP and in the peer rejection session for sAA and SBP. Heightened physiological stress responses in typical adolescents may facilitate adaptation to new challenges of adolescence and adulthood. In high-risk adolescents, this normative shift may tip the balance toward stress response dysregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology. Specificity of physiological response by stressor type highlights the importance of a multisystem approach to the psychobiology of stress and may also have implications for understanding trajectories to psychopathology.

Type
Special Section Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , January 2009 , pp. 47 - 68
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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