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Adverse childhood experiences: Mechanisms of risk and resilience in a longitudinal urban cohort

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2019

Alison Giovanelli Open the ORCID record for Alison Giovanelli [Opens in a new window] ,
Christina F. Mondi ,
Arthur J. Reynolds  and
Suh-Ruu Ou
Alison Giovanelli*
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Christina F. Mondi
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Arthur J. Reynolds
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Suh-Ruu Ou
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Alison Giovanelli, Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 245, San FranciscoCA94118. E-mail: Alison.giovanelli@ucsf.edu
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Abstract

There is an extensive literature describing the detrimental effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE; e.g., abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) on physical and mental health. However, few large-scale studies have explored these associations longitudinally in urban minority cohorts or assessed links to broader measures of well-being such as educational attainment, occupation, and crime. Although adversity and resilience have long been of interest in developmental psychology, protective and promotive factors have been understudied in the ACE literature. This paper investigates the psychosocial processes through which ACEs contribute to outcomes, in addition to exploring ways to promote resilience to ACEs in vulnerable populations. Follow-up data were analyzed for 87% of the original 1,539 participants in the Chicago Longitudinal Study (N = 1,341), a prospective investigation of the impact of an Early Childhood Education program and early experiences on life-course well-being. Findings suggest that ACEs impact well-being in low-socioeconomic status participants above and beyond the effects of demographic risk and poverty, and point to possible mechanisms of transmission of ACE effects. Results also identify key areas across the ecological system that may promote resilience to ACEs, and speak to the need to continue to support underserved communities in active ways.

Keywords

ACEsunderserved communitiesgenerative mechanismsrisk and resilience
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Special Issue 4: Conceptualizing and Interrogating Autism Spectrum Disorder from a Developmental Psychopathology Framework , October 2020 , pp. 1418 - 1439
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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