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Adversity in preschool-aged children: Effects on salivary interleukin-1β

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2015

Audrey R. Tyrka ,
Stephanie H. Parade ,
Thomas R. Valentine ,
Nicole M. Eslinger  and
Ronald Seifer
Audrey R. Tyrka*
Affiliation:
Butler Hospital Brown University Alpert Medical School
Stephanie H. Parade
Affiliation:
Brown University Alpert Medical School E. P. Bradley Hospital
Thomas R. Valentine
Affiliation:
Butler Hospital
Nicole M. Eslinger
Affiliation:
Butler Hospital
Ronald Seifer
Affiliation:
Brown University Alpert Medical School E. P. Bradley Hospital
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Audrey R. Tyrka, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906; E-mail Audrey_Tyrka@brown.edu.
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Abstract

Exposure to early life adversity is linked to impaired affective, cognitive, and behavioral functioning and increases risk for various psychiatric and medical conditions. Stress-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a biological mechanism of these effects. Few studies have examined cytokine levels in children experiencing early life adversity, and very little research has investigated cytokines or other markers of inflammation in saliva. In the present study, we examined salivary interleukin (IL)-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in relation to stress exposure in 40 children aged 3 to 5 years who were enrolled in a larger study of early life adversity. Childhood maltreatment status was assessed via review of child welfare records. Contextual stress exposure, traumatic life event history, and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed via caregiver interviews at a home visit. In a subsequent visit, salivary IL-1β and CRP were obtained before and after participation in four emotion-eliciting tasks. The number of past-month contextual stressors, lifetime contextual stressors, and traumatic life events each demonstrated a significant main effect on IL-1β. Baseline IL-1β was positively associated with each of the significant main-effect adversities. Postchallenge IL-1β displayed positive associations with each adversity variable, but these were not significant. CRP was not significantly associated with any of the adversity variables. Given the evidence suggesting the involvement of IL-1β in the neuropathology of psychiatric conditions, these results may have important implications for developmental outcomes.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 27 , Special Issue 2: Neural Plasticity, Sensitive Periods, and Psychopathology , May 2015 , pp. 567 - 576
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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