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Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2010

Chantal Cyr ,
Eveline M. Euser ,
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg  and
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn
Chantal Cyr*
Affiliation:
Leiden University University of Québec at Montréal
Eveline M. Euser
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
Affiliation:
Leiden University
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn*
Affiliation:
Leiden University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Chantal Cyr, Department of Psychology, University of Québec at Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centreville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada; E-mail: chantal.cyr.psy@videotron.ca; or Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; E-mail: vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Chantal Cyr, Department of Psychology, University of Québec at Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centreville, Montréal H3C 3P8, Canada; E-mail: chantal.cyr.psy@videotron.ca; or Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; E-mail: vanijzen@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
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Abstract

The current meta-analytic study examined the differential impact of maltreatment and various socioeconomic risks on attachment security and disorganization. Fifty-five studies with 4,792 children were traced, yielding 59 samples with nonmaltreated high-risk children (n = 4,336) and 10 samples with maltreated children (n = 456). We tested whether proportions of secure versus insecure (avoidant, resistant, and disorganized) and organized versus disorganized attachments varied as a function of risks. Results showed that children living under high-risk conditions (including maltreatment studies) showed fewer secure (d = 0.67) and more disorganized (d = 0.77) attachments than children living in low-risk families. Large effects sizes were found for the set of maltreatment studies: maltreated children were less secure (d = 2.10) and more disorganized (d = 2.19) than other high-risk children (d = 0.48 and d = 0.48, respectively). However, children exposed to five socioeconomic risks (k = 8 studies, d = 1.20) were not significantly less likely to be disorganized than maltreated children. Overall, these meta-analyses show the destructive impact of maltreatment for attachment security as well as disorganization, but the accumulation of socioeconomic risks appears to have a similar impact on attachment disorganization.

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Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , February 2010 , pp. 87 - 108
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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