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Autonomic complexity and emotion (dys-)regulation in early childhood across high- and low-risk contexts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2019

Daniel Berry ,
Alyssa R. Palmer ,
Rebecca Distefano  and
Ann S. Masten
Daniel Berry*
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Alyssa R. Palmer
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Rebecca Distefano
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Ann S. Masten
Affiliation:
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Daniel Berry, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455; E-mail: dberry@umn.edu.
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Abstract

Developing the ability to regulate one's emotions in accordance with contextual demands (i.e., emotion regulation) is a central developmental task of early childhood. These processes are supported by the engagement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), a physiological hub of a vast network tasked with dynamically integrating real-time experiential inputs with internal motivational and goal states. To date, much of what is known about the ANS and emotion regulation has been based on measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a cardiac indicator of parasympathetic activity. In the present study, we draw from dynamical systems models to introduce two nonlinear indices of cardiac complexity (fractality and sample entropy) as potential indicators of these broader ANS dynamics. Using data from a stratified sample of preschoolers living in high- (i.e., emergency homeless shelter) and low-risk contexts (N = 115), we show that, in conjunction with respiratory sinus arrhythmia, these nonlinear indices may help to clarify important differences in the behavioral manifestations of emotion regulation. In particular, our results suggest that cardiac complexity may be especially useful for discerning active, effortful emotion regulation from less effortful regulation and dysregulation.

Keywords

autonomic nervous systemdynamical systemsemotion regulationentropyfractalrespiratory sinus arrhythmia
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Special Issue 3: Emotion Dysregulation and Emerging Psychopathology , August 2019 , pp. 1173 - 1190
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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