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Brain–behavior relationships in the experience and regulation of negative emotion in healthy children: Implications for risk for childhood depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2014

David Pagliaccio ,
Joan L. Luby ,
Katherine R. Luking ,
Andrew C. Belden  and
Deanna M. Barch
David Pagliaccio*
Affiliation:
Washington University in St. Louis
Joan L. Luby
Affiliation:
Washington University in St. Louis
Katherine R. Luking
Affiliation:
Washington University in St. Louis
Andrew C. Belden
Affiliation:
Washington University in St. Louis
Deanna M. Barch
Affiliation:
Washington University in St. Louis
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: David Pagliaccio, Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130; E-mail: david.pagliaccio@wustl.edu or david.pagliaccio@gmail.com.
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Abstract

Structural and functional alterations in a variety of brain regions have been associated with depression and risk for depression across the life span. A majority of these regions are associated with emotion reactivity and/or regulation. However, it is generally unclear what mechanistic role these alterations play in the etiology of depression. A first step toward understanding this is to characterize the relationships between variation in brain structure/function and individual differences in depression severity and related processes, particularly emotion regulation. To this end, the current study examines how brain structure and function predict concurrent and longitudinal measures of depression symptomology and emotion regulation skills in psychiatrically healthy school-age children (N = 60). Specifically, we found that smaller hippocampus volumes and greater responses to sad faces in emotion reactivity regions predict increased depressive symptoms at the time of scan, whereas larger amygdala volumes, smaller insula volumes, and greater responses in emotion reactivity regions predict decreased emotion regulation skills. In addition, larger insula volumes predict improvements in emotion regulation skills even after accounting for emotion regulation at the time of scan. Understanding brain–behavior relationships in psychiatrically healthy samples, especially early in development, will help inform normative developmental trajectories and neural alterations in depression and other affective pathology.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Special Issue 4pt2: Multilevel Developmental Perspectives Toward Understanding Internalizing Psychopathology: Current Research and Future Directions , November 2014 , pp. 1289 - 1303
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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