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Cortisol, cortisone, and BDNF in amniotic fluid in the second trimester of pregnancy: Effect of early life and current maternal stress and socioeconomic status

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2018

Michael Deuschle ,
Ferdinand Hendlmeier ,
Stephanie Witt ,
Marcella Rietschel ,
Maria Gilles ,
Alberto Sánchez-Guijo ,
Lourdes Fañanas ,
Sabine Hentze ,
Stefan A. Wudy  and
Rainer Hellweg
Michael Deuschle*
Affiliation:
University of Heidelberg Central Institute of Mental Health
Ferdinand Hendlmeier
Affiliation:
University of Heidelberg Central Institute of Mental Health
Stephanie Witt
Affiliation:
University of Heidelberg Central Institute of Mental Health
Marcella Rietschel
Affiliation:
University of Heidelberg Central Institute of Mental Health
Maria Gilles
Affiliation:
University of Heidelberg Central Institute of Mental Health
Alberto Sánchez-Guijo
Affiliation:
Justus Liebig University
Lourdes Fañanas
Affiliation:
Universitat de Barcelona
Sabine Hentze
Affiliation:
Labor für Humangenetische Diagnostik
Stefan A. Wudy
Affiliation:
Justus Liebig University
Rainer Hellweg
Affiliation:
Charité Berlin
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Michael Deuschle, Central Institute of Mental Health, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; E-mail: michael.deuschle@zi-mannheim.de.
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Abstract

The prenatal environment shapes the offspring's phenotype; moreover, transgenerational stress and stress during pregnancy may play a role. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucocorticoids influence neurodevelopment during pregnancy, and there is evidence that BDNF in amniotic fluid is mainly of fetal origin, while the source of glucocorticoids is maternal. We tested the hypothesis that maternal early life stress, psychiatric diagnoses, anxiety, perceived stress, and socioeconomic status influence BDNF and glucocorticoid concentrations in amniotic fluid in the second trimester. We studied 79 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the early second trimester and analyzed BDNF, cortisol, and cortisone concentrations in amniotic fluid. The endocrine data were related to maternal early life adversities (Childhood Trauma Questionaire), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety, socioeconomic status (family income), and the presence of psychiatric diseases. We found BDNF in amniotic fluid to be positively related to maternal early adversity (Childhood Trauma Questionaire). Low family income (socioeconomic status) was related to high amniotic fluid glucocorticoid concentrations. Neither glucocorticoid concentrations nor hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (HSD2) activity could be related to BDNF concentrations in amniotic fluid. Early maternal adverse events may be reflected in the fetal BDNF regulation, and it should be tested whether this relates to differences in neurodevelopment.

Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 30 , Special Issue 3: Developmental Origins of Psychopathology: Mechanisms, Processes, and Pathways Linking the Prenatal Environment to Postnatal Outcomes , August 2018 , pp. 971 - 980
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

We gratefully acknowledge the support of Matthias Michel and Uwe Mackrott for their generous support in the recruitment of the study participants. We thank Silvia Saft for superb technical assistance. Thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (ES-EUEpiBrain project, grant SAF2015-71526-REDT). Stefan A. Wudy and Rainer Hellweg contributed equally to this work

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