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The development of emotion-related neural circuitry in health and psychopathology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 October 2008

Christopher S. Monk
Christopher S. Monk*
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Christopher S. Monk, Department of Psychology and the Center for Human Growth and Development, 2000 East Hall, 530 Church Street, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043; E-mail: csmonk@umich.edu.
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Abstract

Disturbances in the detection of, response to, and interpretation of emotion are common in many forms of psychopathology. The amygdala, striatum, and structures within the prefrontal cortex are highly involved in mediating these stages of emotion processing, and evidence indicates that these regions show structural and functional alterations in different types of psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. However, we do not know how genes and the environment interact to alter development of these brain regions in ways that give rise to emotion-related psychopathology. This review discusses the current understanding of brain regions that are involved in emotional functioning, how they develop, and how they are altered in three forms of psychopathology: anxiety, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Following this, a framework is described that may facilitate the integration of investigations of genetic variation and brain function with symptom and diagnostic measures. The framework involves three components: (a) a greater emphasis on simultaneously analyzing multiple levels (genes, brain function, behavior, symptoms, and diagnoses); (b) further integration of developmental considerations, including timing of environmental events, adaptations (or maladaptations), and disorder-related trajectories that guide some children toward atypical experiences; and (c) greater cross-talk between animal and human investigations to take advantage of biological measures that cannot be acquired in humans.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 20 , Special Issue 4: Imaging Brain Systems in Normality and Psychopathology , Fall 2008 , pp. 1231 - 1250
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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