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Examining protective factors for substance use problems and self-harm behavior during adolescence: A longitudinal co-twin control study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2022

Lauren O’Reilly ,
Kit K. Elam Open the ORCID record for Kit K. Elam [Opens in a new window] ,
Patrick D. Quinn ,
Sydney Adams ,
Marianne G. Chirica ,
E. David Klonsky ,
Erik Pettersson ,
Sebastian Lundström ,
Henrik Larsson  and
Paul Lichtenstein
...Show all authors
Lauren O’Reilly
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Kit K. Elam
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Patrick D. Quinn
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Sydney Adams
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Marianne G. Chirica
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
E. David Klonsky
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Erik Pettersson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Sebastian Lundström
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Henrik Larsson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Paul Lichtenstein
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Brian D’Onofrio*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
*
Corresponding author: Brian D’Onofrio, email: bmdonofr@indiana.edu
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Abstract

Sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality are theorized to have protective effects on the developmental emergence of substance use and self-harm behavior in adolescence, but existing research has been mixed. This ambiguity could reflect, in part, the potential for confounding of observed associations by genetic and environmental factors, which previous research has been unable to rigorously rule out. We used data from the prospective, population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (n = 18,234 born 1994–2001) and applied a co-twin control design to account for potential genetic and environmental confounding of sports participation, physical activity, and friendship quality (assessed at age 15) as presumed protective factors for adolescent substance use and self-harm behavior (assessed at age 18). While confidence intervals widened to include the null in numerous co-twin control analyses adjusting for childhood psychopathology, parent-reported sports participation and twin-reported positive friendship quality were associated with increased odds of alcohol problems and nicotine use. However, parent-reported sports participation, twin-reported physical activity, and twin-reported friendship quality were associated with decreased odds of self-harm behavior. The findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the risks and benefits of putative protective factors for risky behaviors that emerge during adolescence.

Keywords

adolescenceco-twin controllongitudinalself-harm behaviorsubstance use
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 5: Special Section: Leveraging Genetically Informative Study Designs to Understand the Development and Familial Transmission of Psychopathology , December 2022 , pp. 1781 - 1802
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© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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