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Externalizing behavior severity in youths with callous–unemotional traits corresponds to patterns of amygdala activity and connectivity during judgments of causing fear

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2017

Elise M. Cardinale ,
Andrew L. Breeden ,
Emily L. Robertson ,
Leah M. Lozier ,
John W. Vanmeter  and
Abigail A. Marsh
Elise M. Cardinale*
Affiliation:
Georgetown University
Andrew L. Breeden
Affiliation:
Georgetown University
Emily L. Robertson
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University
Leah M. Lozier
Affiliation:
Georgetown University
John W. Vanmeter
Affiliation:
Georgetown University
Abigail A. Marsh
Affiliation:
Georgetown University
*
Address correspondence and reprint request to: Elise M. Cardinale, Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC 20057; E-mail: emc62@georgetown.edu.
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Abstract

Callous–unemotional (CU) traits characterize a subgroup of youths with conduct problems who exhibit low empathy, fearlessness, and elevated externalizing behaviors. The current study examines the role of aberrant amygdala activity and functional connectivity during a socioemotional judgment task in youths with CU traits, and links these deficits to externalizing behaviors. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare neural responses in 18 healthy youths and 30 youths with conduct problems and varying levels of CU traits as they evaluated the acceptability of causing another person to experience each of several emotions, including fear. Neuroimaging analyses examined blood oxygenation level dependent responses and task-dependent functional connectivity. High-CU youths exhibited left amygdala hypoactivation relative to healthy controls and low-CU youths primarily during evaluations of causing others fear. CU traits moderated the relationship between externalizing behavior and both amygdala activity and patterns of functional connectivity. The present data suggest that CU youths' aberrant amygdala activity and connectivity affect how they make judgments about the acceptability of causing others emotional distress, and that these aberrations represent risk factors for externalizing behaviors like rule breaking and aggression. These findings suggest that reducing externalizing behaviors in high-CU youths may require interventions that influence affective sensitivity.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , February 2018 , pp. 191 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

This research was supported by NIH/NICHD Grant R03 HD064906-01, the Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science (NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Grant 1KL2RR031974-01), and the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Children's National Medical Center (NIH/NICHD Grant 2P30HD040677-11).

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