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Family sociodemographic resources moderate the path from toddlers’ hard-to-manage temperament to parental control to disruptive behavior in middle childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2020

Sanghag Kim Open the ORCID record for Sanghag Kim [Opens in a new window]  and
Grazyna Kochanska
Sanghag Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
Grazyna Kochanska
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Sanghag Kim, Department of Sociology, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea; sanghag@hanyang.ac.kr.
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Abstract

Research inspired by ecological perspectives has amply documented broad effects of the family's sociodemographic resources on children's outcomes, with parents’ young age, low education, and low income considered risk factors. Typically, sociodemographic characteristics have been studied as influencing child outcomes either directly or indirectly through parenting. We tested a more nuanced longitudinal model in a community sample of 102 infants, mothers, and fathers. We conceptualized family sociodemographic resources, measured as a composite of parents’ ages, education, and income, as moderating developmental cascades from children's hard-to-manage temperament to parental power-assertive control to children's disruptive behavior problems. Children's temperament measures encompassed proneness to anger and inability to delay, observed at 2 and 3 years in standard laboratory episodes. We observed parents’ control at 4.5 and 5.5 years in lengthy naturalistic prohibition paradigms, and obtained parental ratings of children's disruptive behavior at 6.5 and 8 years. As expected, moderated mediation analyses, covarying stability of children's difficulty and parental control, revealed that the cascade from hard-to-manage temperament to child behavior problems, mediated by parental power-assertive control, was present in families with relatively more disadvantaged sociodemographic characteristics, or fewer resources, but absent in families with more advantageous sociodemographic features, or more resources. The findings were parallel for mother– and father–child dyads.

Keywords

child developmentoutcomesparentingsociodemographic resources
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 160 - 172
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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