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Longitudinal patterns of physical aggression: Associations with adult social, psychiatric, and personality functioning and testosterone levels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2009

Rebecca C. Windle  and
Michael Windle
Rebecca C. Windle
Affiliation:
Research Institute on Addictions
Michael Windle*
Affiliation:
Research Institute on Addictions
*
Michael Windle, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203
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Abstract

A retrospective longitudinal research design was used to evaluate male adult outcomes associated with four patterns of physical aggression from childhood to adulthood—child-only aggression, child and adult continuity of aggression, adult-onset aggression, and a contrast group with low levels of aggression in childhood and adulthood. The continuity and adult-onset aggression groups had the highest levels of social maladjustment (e.g., marital instability), psychiatric disturbance (e.g., alcohol disorders, major depression), personality dysfunction (e.g., higher prevalence of elevated borderline and narcissistic personality disorder scores), and higher plasma testosterone levels. The child-only aggression group manifested more psychiatric and personality disturbance than the contrast group, but not nearly as much disturbance as the continuity and adult-onset groups. After controlling for age and socioeconomic status (SES) variables, race (White/Black) was typically not a significant predictor of outcome variables. Findings are discussed with regard to life course implications of the physical aggression patterns, and of the support provided for an adult-onset aggressive type.

Type
Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 7 , Issue 3 , Summer 1995 , pp. 563 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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