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Modeling the interplay of multilevel risk factors for future academic and behavior problems: A person-centered approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2010

Stephanie T. Lanza ,
Brittany L. Rhoades ,
Robert L. Nix  and
Mark T. Greenberg
Stephanie T. Lanza*
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Brittany L. Rhoades
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Robert L. Nix
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Mark T. Greenberg
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Stephanie T. Lanza, Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University, 204 East Calder Way, Suite 400, State College, PA 16801; E-mail: slanza@psu.edu.
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Abstract

This study identified profiles of 13 risk factors across child, family, school, and neighborhood domains in a diverse sample of children in kindergarten from four US locations (n = 750; 45% minority). It then examined the relation of those early risk profiles to externalizing problems, school failure, and low academic achievement in Grade 5. A person-centered approach, latent class analysis, revealed four unique risk profiles, which varied considerably across urban African American, urban White, and rural White children. Profiles characterized by several risks that cut across multiple domains conferred the highest risk for negative outcomes. Compared to a variable-centered approach, such as a cumulative risk index, these findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the early precursors to negative outcomes. For example, results suggested that urban children in single-parent homes that have few other risk factors (i.e., show at least average parenting warmth and consistency and report relatively low stress and high social support) are at quite low risk for externalizing problems, but at relatively high risk for poor grades and low academic achievement. These findings provide important information for refining and targeting preventive interventions to groups of children who share particular constellations of risk factors.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , May 2010 , pp. 313 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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