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Multidomain risk factors in early childhood and depression symptoms in 6-year-olds: A longitudinal pathway model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2019

Joyce Hopkins ,
Karen R. Gouze ,
John V. Lavigne  and
Fred B. Bryant
Joyce Hopkins*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
Karen R. Gouze
Affiliation:
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Chicago, IL, USA
John V. Lavigne
Affiliation:
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Chicago, IL, USA
Fred B. Bryant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Joyce Hopkins, Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 South State Street, Chicago, IL60616; E-mail: hopkins@iit.edu.
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Abstract

This study examined effects of risk factors in multiple domains measured in preschool and kindergarten on age 6 depression symptoms, and on changes in symptom levels between ages 4 and 6. Two models were examined in a large, diverse (N = 796) community sample of children and parents. Risk variables included SES, stress, conflict, parental depression, parental hostility, support, scaffolding, child negative affect (NA), effortful control (EC), sensory regulation (SR), and attachment security. Model 1 included effects of risk factors at ages 4 and 5 on child depression symptoms at age 6. Model 2 also included depression symptoms at all three ages to examine changes in these symptoms. Model 1 revealed that age 4 and 5 parental depression, NA, EC, and SR predicted age 6 child depression levels, Several age 4 variables had indirect pathways to age 6 depression via age 5 EC. Model 2 revealed that preschool depression was the only age 4 variable, and EC and SR were the only age 5 variables that significantly predicted increases in age 6 depression. These findings highlight the role of self-regulation in child depression and suggest that targeting self-regulation may be an effective prevention and intervention strategy.

Keywords

longitudinal model pathwayage-6 depression
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 57 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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