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One size does not fit all: Trajectories of body image development and their predictors in early adolescence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2020

Emilie Lacroix Open the ORCID record for Emilie Lacroix [Opens in a new window] ,
Melissa J. Atkinson ,
Kirsty M. Garbett  and
Phillippa C. Diedrichs
Emilie Lacroix*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Melissa J. Atkinson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Kirsty M. Garbett
Affiliation:
Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
Phillippa C. Diedrichs
Affiliation:
Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
*
Author for Correspondence: Emilie Lacroix, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; E-mail: Emilie.lacroix@ucalgary.ca
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Abstract

Background: Negative body image predicts many adverse outcomes. The current study prospectively examined patterns of body esteem development in early adolescence and identified predictors of developmental subtypes. Methods: 328 girls and 429 boys reported annually across a 4-year period (Mage at baseline = 11.14, SD = 0.35) on body esteem, appearance ideal internalization, perceived sociocultural pressures, appearance comparisons, appearance-related teasing, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and dietary restraint. We performed latent class growth analyses to identify the most common trajectories of body esteem development and examine risk and protective factors for body image development. Results: Three developmental subgroups were identified: (a) high body esteem (39.1%); (b) moderate body esteem (46.1%); and (c) low body esteem (14.8%). Body esteem was stable within the low trajectory and there were minor fluctuations in the high and moderate trajectories. Greater appearance-related teasing, lower self-esteem, less positive affect, and higher dietary restraint predicted the low trajectory, whereas higher self-esteem and lower dietary restraint best predicted the high trajectory. Conclusions: Low body esteem appears to be largely stable from age 11 years. Prevention programming may be enhanced by incorporating components to address transdiagnostic resilience factors such as self-esteem and positive affect.

Keywords

adolescencebody imagedisordered eatinglongitudinalnegative affectself-esteem
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 285 - 294
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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