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Pathways to social-emotional functioning in the preschool period: The role of child temperament and maternal anxiety in boys and girls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2019

Hannah F. Behrendt Open the ORCID record for Hannah F. Behrendt [Opens in a new window] ,
Mark Wade ,
Laurie Bayet ,
Charles A. Nelson III  and
Michelle Bosquet Enlow
Hannah F. Behrendt
Affiliation:
Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Mark Wade
Affiliation:
Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Laurie Bayet
Affiliation:
Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Charles A. Nelson III
Affiliation:
Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
Michelle Bosquet Enlow*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, AT-120.3, Mailstop BCH 3199, Boston, MA02115; E-mail: michelle.bosquet@childrens.harvard.edu.
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Abstract

Individual differences in social-emotional functioning emerge early and have long-term implications for developmental adaptation and competency. Research is needed that specifies multiple early risk factors and outcomes simultaneously to demonstrate specificity. Using multigroup longitudinal path analysis in a sample of typically developing children (N = 541), we examined child temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity, and regulation/effortful control) and maternal anxiety in infancy and age 2 as predictors of child externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation, and competence behaviors at age 3. Four primary patterns emerged. First, there was stability in temperament dimensions and maternal anxiety from infancy to age 3. Second, negative affectivity was implicated in internalizing problems and surgency in externalizing problems. Third, effortful control at age 2 was a potent mediator of maternal anxiety in infancy on age 3 outcomes. Fourth, there was suggestive evidence for transactional effects between maternal anxiety and child effortful control. Most pathways operated similarly for boys and girls, with some differences, particularly for surgency. These findings expand our understanding of the roles of specific temperamental domains and postnatal maternal anxiety in a range of social-emotional outcomes in the preschool period, and have implications for efforts to enhance the development of young children's social-emotional functioning and reduce risk for later psychopathology.

Keywords

maternal anxietypath modelsex differencessocial-emotional developmenttemperament
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , August 2020 , pp. 961 - 974
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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