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Patterns of risk and trajectories of preschool problem behaviors: A person-oriented analysis of attachment in context

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2005

THOMAS E. KELLER ,
SUSAN J. SPIEKER  and
LEWAYNE GILCHRIST
THOMAS E. KELLER
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
SUSAN J. SPIEKER
Affiliation:
University of Washington
LEWAYNE GILCHRIST
Affiliation:
University of Washington
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Abstract

A small proportion of children exhibit extreme and persistent conduct problems through childhood. The present study employed the multiple-domain model of Greenberg and colleagues as the framework for person-oriented analyses examining whether parent–child attachment combines with parenting, family ecology, and child characteristics in particular configurations of risk that are linked to this problematic developmental pathway. Using prospective data from a community sample of adolescent mothers and their children, latent variable growth mixture modeling identified a normative trajectory with declining problem behaviors during the preschool period. Consistent with research on early-starter pathways, a distinct group of children featured a higher intercept and a positive slope, indicating an escalation in disruptive behaviors. Attachment security played a role in defining specific risk profiles associated with the probability of exhibiting this problem trajectory. Given particular patterns of risk exposure, secure attachment served a protective function. Avoidant, but not disorganized, attachment was associated with significantly higher likelihood of the disruptive problem trajectory. The results also indicated the general accumulation of risk was detrimental, but the particular configuration of risk made a difference. Overall, the findings suggest early attachment operates in conjunction with personal and contextual risk to distinguish the development of later problem behaviors.This research was supported by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA05208) and the National Institute of Mental Health (MH52400, MH56599) and a National Service Research Award (MH20010). The authors thank Mary R. Gillmore, Diane M. Morrison, Steven Lewis, Mary Jane Lohr, Marilyn Gregory, the rest of the research team, and the study participants.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2005 , pp. 349 - 384
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

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