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Predicting substance use in emerging adulthood: A genetically informed study of developmental transactions between impulsivity and family conflict

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

Kit K. Elam ,
Frances L. Wang ,
Kaitlin Bountress ,
Laurie Chassin ,
Danielle Pandika  and
Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant
Kit K. Elam*
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Frances L. Wang
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Kaitlin Bountress
Affiliation:
Medical University of South Carolina
Laurie Chassin
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Danielle Pandika
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Kit K. Elam, T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 South Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701; E-mail: kit.elam@asu.edu.
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Abstract

Deviance proneness models propose a multilevel interplay in which transactions among genetic, individual, and family risk factors place children at increased risk for substance use. We examined bidirectional transactions between impulsivity and family conflict from middle childhood to adolescence and their contributions to substance use in adolescence and emerging adulthood (n = 380). Moreover, we examined children's, mothers’, and fathers’ polygenic risk scores for behavioral undercontrol, and mothers’ and fathers’ interparental conflict and substance disorder diagnoses as predictors of these transactions. The results support a developmental cascade model in which children's polygenic risk scores predicted greater impulsivity in middle childhood. Impulsivity in middle childhood predicted greater family conflict in late childhood, which in turn predicted greater impulsivity in late adolescence. Adolescent impulsivity subsequently predicted greater substance use in emerging adulthood. Results are discussed with respect to evocative genotype–environment correlations within developmental cascades and applications to prevention efforts.

Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 28 , Special Issue 3: Longitudinal Transactional Models of Development and Psychopathology , August 2016 , pp. 673 - 688
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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