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Risk factors and temporal patterns of disordered eating differ in adolescent boys and girls: Testing gender-specific appearance anxiety models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2020

Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck Open the ORCID record for Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck [Opens in a new window] ,
Haley J. Webb ,
Jessica Kerin ,
Allison M. Waters  and
Lara J. Farrell
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck*
Affiliation:
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
Haley J. Webb
Affiliation:
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
Jessica Kerin
Affiliation:
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
Allison M. Waters
Affiliation:
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
Lara J. Farrell
Affiliation:
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, G40_7.86 SouthportQLD4222, Australia; E-mail: m.zimmer-gembeck@griffith.edu.au.
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Abstract

Adolescent dieting and disordered eating (DE) are risks for clinical eating disorders. In this five-wave longitudinal study, we tested gender-specific models linking early risk factors to temporal patterns of DE, considering appearance anxiety as a mediator. Participants were 384 Australian students (age 10 to 13; 45% boys) who reported their purging and skipping meals, experience with appearance-related teasing, media pressure, and appearance anxiety. Parents reported pubertal maturation and height/weight was measured. Gender differences in temporal patterns of DE were found and predictive models were tested using latent-variable growth curve and path models. Boys’ DE was generally stable over time; girls showed stability in purging but an average increase in skipping meals. Peer teasing, media pressure, and pubertal maturation were associated with more elevated initial DE in girls, and pubertal maturation was associated with a steeper increase in DE. For boys, body mass index had a direct positive association with DE. Appearance anxiety was associated with more DE, but there was only one significant indirect effect via anxiety, which was for boys’ pubertal maturation. Findings support the dominant role of social interactions and messages, as well as pubertal maturation, for girls’ DE and the prominence of physical risk factors for explaining boys’ DE.

Keywords

appearancebody dysmorphic symptomsbody imagedisordered eatingeating disorderspeer victimization
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , August 2021 , pp. 856 - 867
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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