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Threat vigilance and socioeconomic disparities in metabolic health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2017

Camelia E. Hostinar ,
Kharah M. Ross ,
Meanne Chan ,
Edith Chen  and
Gregory E. Miller
Camelia E. Hostinar*
Affiliation:
University of California–Davis
Kharah M. Ross
Affiliation:
University of California–Los Angeles
Meanne Chan
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Edith Chen
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
Gregory E. Miller
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Camelia E. Hostinar, Psychology Department, University of California–Davis, 202 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618; E-mail: cehostinar@ucdavis.edu.
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Abstract

A quarter of the global population meets diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS prevalence stratifies by socioeconomic status (SES), such that low SES is associated with higher MetS risk starting in childhood. Despite this trend, some low-SES children maintain good metabolic health across the life span, but the factors responsible for their resilience are not well understood. This study examined the role of threat vigilance as either a moderator or a mediator of the effects of low early life SES on adult metabolic risk. Three hundred twenty-five Canadians aged 15–55 participated (M = 36.4 years, SD = 10.7; 55.4% female). We coded parental occupational status between the ages of 0 and 5 to index early life SES. We used the International Diabetes Federation case definition for MetS based on waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin measures. Threat vigilance was assessed using the Weapons Identification Procedure, a visual discrimination paradigm that captures implicit perceptions of threat. Analyses supported the moderator hypothesis: low early life SES was associated with MetS diagnosis exclusively among those with high levels of threat vigilance. This suggests that low early life SES environments that heighten vigilance to threat might be particularly detrimental for metabolic health. Conversely, low threat vigilance may buffer against the metabolic risks associated with socioeconomic disadvantage.

Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 29 , Special Issue 5: Biological and Behavioral Effects of Early Adversity on Multiple Levels of Development , December 2017 , pp. 1721 - 1733
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

We thank the participants for their contribution to this project. This research was supported by NIH Grants R01 HD058502 and F32 HD078048.

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