Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T08:25:05.742Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

How Things Seem to Higher-Order Thought Theorists

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 July 2017

JACOB BERGER*
Affiliation:
Idaho State University

Abstract

According to David Rosenthal’s higher-order thought (HOT) theory of consciousness, a mental state is conscious just in case one is aware of being in that state via a suitable HOT. Jesse Mulder (2016) recently objects: though HOT theory holds that conscious states are states that it seems to one that one is in, the view seems unable to explain how HOTs engender such seemings. I clarify here how HOT theory can adequately explain the relevant mental appearances, illustrating the explanatory power of HOT theory.

Selon la théorie de la conscience des pensées d’ordre supérieur de David Rosenthal («higher-order thought»), un état mental est conscient seulement dans les cas où l’on est conscient d’être dans cet état par l’intermédiaire d’une pensée d’ordre supérieur appropriée. Jesse Mulder (2016) a récemment émis l’objection suivante : si la théorie des pensées d’ordre supérieur maintient que les états de conscience sont des états pour lesquels il semble à la personne qui s’y trouve qu’elle s’y trouve, le point de vue ne semble pas pouvoir expliquer de quelle manière les pensées d’ordre supérieur engendrent ces impressions. Je précise ici comment la théorie des pensées d’ordre supérieur peut expliquer de manière adéquate les apparences mentales pertinentes, illustrant le pouvoir explicatif de la théorie des pensées d’ordre supérieur.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Philosophical Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akhtar, Salman 2009 Comprehensive Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books.Google Scholar
Armstrong, David M. 1968 A Materialist Theory of the Mind. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Berger, Jacob 2014a “Mental States, Conscious and Nonconscious,” Philosophy Compass 9 (6): 392401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Jacob 2014b “Consciousness is Not a Property of States: A Reply to Wilberg,” Philosophical Psychology 27 (6): 829842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Block, Ned 2011a “The Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness is Defunct,” Analysis 71 (3): 419431.Google Scholar
Block, Ned 2011b “Response to Rosenthal and Weisberg,” Analysis 71 (3): 443448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, Richard 2015 “The HOROR Theory of Phenomenal Consciousness,” Philosophical Studies 172 (7): 17831794.Google Scholar
Byrne, Alex 1997 “Some Like it HOT: Consciousness and Higher-Order Thoughts,” Philosophical Studies 86 (2): 103129.Google Scholar
Carruthers, Peter 2005 Consciousness: Essays from a Higher-Order Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chalmers, David J. 1996 The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chisholm, Roderick 1957 Perceiving: A Philosophical Study. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Dennett, Daniel C. 1969 Content and Consciousness. New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Edwards, James, and Platchias, Dimitris 2016 “Epistemic Warrants and Higher-Order Theories of Conscious Perception,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly DOI: 10.1111/papq.12161.Google Scholar
Egan, Andy 2008 “Seeing and Believing: Perception, Belief Formation, and the Divided Mind,” Philosophical Studies 140 (1): 4763.Google Scholar
Gennaro, Rocco 2012 The Consciousness Paradox: Consciousness, Concepts, and Higher-Order Thoughts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Goldman, Alvin 1993 “Consciousness, Folk Psychology, and Cognitive Science,” Consciousness and Cognition 2 (4): 364382.Google Scholar
Kouider, Sid, and Dehaene, Stanislas 2007 “Levels of Processing During Non-Conscious Perception: A Critical Review of Visual Masking,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 362 (1481): 857875.Google Scholar
Lau, Hakwan, and Rosenthal, David M. 2011 “Empirical Support for Higher-Order Theories of Conscious Awareness,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 15 (8): 365373.Google Scholar
Levine, Joseph 2001 Purple Haze: The Puzzle of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lycan, William G. 1996 Consciousness and Experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, Eric 2016 “Attitude, Inference, Association: On the Propositional Structure of Implicit Bias,” Noûs 50 (3): 629658.Google Scholar
Mulder, Jesse M. 2016 “A Seeming Problem for Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness,” Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review 55 (3): 449465.Google Scholar
Nagel, Thomas 1974 “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?,” Philosophical Review 83 (4): 435450.Google Scholar
Neander, Karen 1998 “The Division of Phenomenal Labor: A Problem for Representational Theories of Consciousness,” Philosophical Perspectives 12: 411434.Google Scholar
Pereplyotchik, David 2015 “Some HOT Family Disputes: A Critical Review of The Consciousness Paradox by Rocco Gennaro,” Philosophical Psychology 28 (3): 434448.Google Scholar
Phillips, Ian, and Block, Ned 2016 “Debate on Unconscious Perception,” in Nanay, Bence (ed.), Current Controversies in Philosophy of Perception , New York: Routledge, pp. 165192.Google Scholar
Quilty-Dunn, Jake 2015 “Believing in Perceiving: Known Illusions and the Classical Dual-Component Theory,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 96 (4): 550575.Google Scholar
Rey, Georges 2000 “Role, Not Content: Comments on David Rosenthal’s ‘Consciousness, Content, and Metacognitive Judgments,’” Consciousness and Cognition 9 (2): 224230.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, David M. 1986 “Two Concepts of Consciousness,” Philosophical Studies 49 (3): 329359.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, David M. 2000 “Metacognition and Higher-Order Thoughts,” Consciousness and Cognition 9 (2): 231242.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, David M. 2002 “Explaining Consciousness,” in Chalmers, David (ed.), Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 406421.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, David M. 2005 Consciousness and Mind. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, David M. 2011 “Exaggerated Reports: Reply to Block,” Analysis 71 (3): 431437.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, David M. 2012 “Higher-Order Awareness, Misrepresentation and Function,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 368 (1594): 14241438.Google Scholar
Shargel, Daniel 2016 “The Insignificance of Empty Higher-Order Thoughts,” Journal of Cognition and Neuroethics 4 (1): 113127.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, Sydney 1982 “The Inverted Spectrum,” Journal of Philosophy 79 (7): 357381.Google Scholar
Stich, Stephen P., and Warfield, Ted A. (eds.) 1994 Mental Representation: A Reader. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tucker, Chris 2010 “Why Open-Minded People Should Endorse Dogmatism,” Philosophical Perspectives 24 (1): 529545.Google Scholar
Tucker, Chris (ed.) 2013 Seemings and Justification: New Essays on Dogmatism and Phenomenal Conservatism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weisberg, Josh 2011 “Misrepresenting Consciousness,” Philosophical Studies 154 (3): 409433.Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, Lawrence 1997 Consciousness Lost and Found: A Neuropsychological Exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Windt, Jennifer M., Nielsen, Tore, and Thompson, Evan 2016 “Does Consciousness Disappear in Dreamless Sleep?,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20 (12): 871882.Google Scholar