Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:46:31.725Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevention of Novel Influenza Infection in Newborns in Hospital Settings: Considerations and Strategies During the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2013

Lauren B. Zapata ,
Juliette S. Kendrick ,
Denise J. Jamieson ,
Kitty MacFarlane ,
Katherine Shealy  and
Wanda D. Barfield
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, many pregnant women experienced severe illness and some gave birth while ill with suspected or confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Because of concerns about possible transmission of this novel virus to immunologically naïve newborns, and the absence of definitive studies regarding this risk, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reviewed relevant literature to understand the potential burden of disease and routes of transmission affecting newborns. This report describes the issues considered during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic as CDC developed guidance to protect newborns in hospital settings. Also presented is a framework of protection efforts to prevent novel influenza infection in fetuses/newborns before birth and in hospital settings. Although developed specifically for the pandemic, the framework may be useful during future novel influenza outbreaks.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:97-103)

Keywords

influenza A virus H1N1 subtypecross infectionvertical infectious disease transmissionprevention, and controlreviewsinfant, newbornhospitalsinfluenza a virus, h1n1 subtypeinfection controlcross infectionpregnancydisease outbreaksbreast feeding
Type
Review Article
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 97 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Bautista, E, Chotpitayasunondh, T, Gao, Z, et alWriting Committee of the WHO Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2010;362 (18):1708–1719.Google ScholarPubMed
2.Siston, AM, Rasmussen, SA, Honein, MA, et alPandemic H1N1 Influenza in Pregnancy Working Group. Pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus illness among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA. 2010;303 (15):1517–1525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Fonseca, VP, Davis, M, Wing, R, et alCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infections in three pregnant women - United States, April-May 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58 (18):497–500.Google Scholar
4.Jamieson, DJ, Honein, MA, Rasmussen, SA, et alNovel Influenza A (H1N1) Pregnancy Working Group. H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection during pregnancy in the USA. Lancet. 2009;374 (9688):451–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Louie, JK, Acosta, M, Jamieson, DJ, Honein, MACalifornia Pandemic (H1N1) Working Group. Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in California. N Engl J Med. 2010;362 (1):27–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Creanga, AA, Johnson, TF, Graitcer, SB, et alSeverity of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115 (4):717–726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.ANZIC Influenza Investigators and Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System. Critical illness due to 2009 A/H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2010;340:c1279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Han, K, Zhu, X, He, F, et alLack of airborne transmission during outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among tour group members, China, June 2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15 (10):1578–1581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Cauchemez, S, Donnelly, CA, Reed, C, et alHousehold transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2009;361 (27):2619–2627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Thacker, E, Janke, B.Swine influenza virus: zoonotic potential and vaccination strategies for the control of avian and swine influenzas. J Infect Dis. 2008;197(suppl 1)S19–S24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Witkop, CT, Duffy, MR, Macias, EA, et alNovel influenza A (H1N1) outbreak at the U.S. Air Force Academy: epidemiology and viral shedding duration. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38 (2):121–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Cao, B, Li, XW, Mao, Y, et alNational Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Clinical Investigation Group of China. Clinical features of the initial cases of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in China. N Engl J Med. 2009;361 (26):2507–2517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Lewis, D, Wilson, CDevelopmental immunology and the role of host defenses in neonatal susceptibility to infection. In: Remington J, Klein J, eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: WB Saunders; 2001:25-38.Google Scholar
14.Brady, MT.Health care-associated infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control. 2005;33 (5):268–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Garvy, B.Host defense against pulmonary infection in neonates. Clin Appl Immunol Rev. 2003;4:205–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Potter, RC, Gonik, B.Prevention of influenza in mothers and infants. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8 (2):149–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated Interim Recommendations for the Use of Antiviral Medications in the Treatment and Prevention of Influenza for the 2009-2010 Season. http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/recommendations.htm. Published 2009. Accessed September 11, 2009.Google Scholar
18.Bhat, N, Wright, JG, Broder, KR, et alInfluenza Special Investigations Team. Influenza-associated deaths among children in the United States, 2003-2004. N Engl J Med. 2005;353 (24):2559–2567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Coffin, SE, Zaoutis, TE, Rosenquist, AB, et alIncidence, complications, and risk factors for prolonged stay in children hospitalized with community-acquired influenza. Pediatrics. 2007;119 (4):740–748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Iwane, MK, Edwards, KM, Szilagyi, PG, et alNew Vaccine Surveillance Network. Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children. Pediatrics. 2004;113 (6):1758–1764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Izurieta, HS, Thompson, WW, Kramarz, P, et alInfluenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children. N Engl J Med. 2000;342 (4):232–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Neuzil, KM, Mellen, BG, Wright, PF, Mitchel, EF Jr, Griffin, MR.The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children. N Engl J Med. 2000;342 (4):225–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.O’Brien, MA, Uyeki, TM, Shay, DK, et alIncidence of outpatient visits and hospitalizations related to influenza in infants and young children. Pediatrics. 2004;113 (3, pt 1):585–593.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Poehling, KA, Edwards, KM, Weinberg, GA, et alNew Vaccine Surveillance Network. The underrecognized burden of influenza in young children. N Engl J Med. 2006;355 (1):31–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: influenza activity - United States, August 30, 2009-March 27, 2010, and composition of the 2010-11 influenza vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59 (14):423–430.Google Scholar
26.Libster, R, Bugna, J, Coviello, S, et alPediatric hospitalizations associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina. N Engl J Med. 2010;362 (1):45–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.van 't Klooster, TM, Wielders, CC, Donker, T, et alSurveillance of hospitalisations for 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in the Netherlands, 5 June - 31 December 2009. Euro Surveill. 2010;15 2.Google ScholarPubMed
28.Irving, WL, James, DK, Stephenson, T, et alInfluenza virus infection in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: a clinical and seroepidemiological study. BJOG. 2000;107 (10):1282–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. McGregor, JA, Burns, JC, Levin, MJ, Burlington, B, Meiklejohn, G.Transplacental passage of influenza A/Bangkok (H3N2) mimicking amniotic fluid infection syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;149 (8):856–859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Zou, S.Potential impact of pandemic influenza on blood safety and availability. Transfus Med Rev. 2006;20 (3):181–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Gu, J, Xie, Z, Gao, Z, et alH5N1 infection of the respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study. Lancet. 2007;370 (9593):1137–1145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Yawn, DH, Pyeatte, JC, Joseph, JM, Eichler, SL, Garcia-Bunuel, R.Transplacental transfer of influenza virus. JAMA. 1971;216 (6):1022–1023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Rasmussen, SA, Hayes, EB, Jamieson, DJ, O’Leary, DR.Emerging infections and pregnancy: assessing the impact on the embryo or fetus. Am J Med Genet A. 2007;143A (24):2896–2903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Dulyachai, W, Makkoch, J, Rianthavorn, P, et alPerinatal pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16 (2):343–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Glezen, WP, Taber, LH, Frank, AL, Gruber, WC, Piedra, PA.Influenza virus infections in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1997;16 (11):1065–1068.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.van den Dungen, FA, van Furth, AM, Fetter, WP, Zaaijer, HL, van Elburg, RM.Fatal case of influenza B virus pneumonia in a preterm neonate. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20 (1):82–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Yusuf, K, Soraisham, AS, Fonseca, K.Fatal influenza B virus pneumonia in a preterm neonate: case report and review of the literature. J Perinatol. 2007;27 (10):623–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Cunha, BA, Thekkel, V, Krilov, L.Nosocomial swine influenza (H1N1) pneumonia: lessons learned from an illustrative case. J Hosp Infect. 2010;74 (3):278–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Verboon-Maciolek, MA, Krediet, TG, Gerards, LJ, Fleer, A, van Loon, TM.Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 12-year period. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24 (10):901–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Ravenscroft, JL, Weisman, LENosocomial viral infections in the neonate. In: Basow DS, ed. UpToDate. Waltham, Massachusetts: UpToDate; 2009.Google Scholar
41.Cunney, RJ, Bialachowski, A, Thornley, D, Smaill, FM, Pennie, RA.An outbreak of influenza A in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21 (7):449–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Munoz, FM, Campbell, JR, Atmar, RL, et alInfluenza A virus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18 (9):811–815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Sagrera, X, Ginovart, G, Raspall, F, et alOutbreaks of influenza A virus infection in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21 (3):196–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58 (RR-10):1–8.Google Scholar
45.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim results: Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccination coverage–United States, October-December 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:1–5.Google Scholar
46.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza vaccination in pregnancy: practices among obstetrician-gynecologists--United States, 2003-04 influenza season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54 (41):1050–1052.Google Scholar
47.Tamma, PD, Ault, KA, del Rio, C, Steinhoff, MC, Halsey, NA, Omer, SB.Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201 (6):547–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Zaman, K, Roy, E, Arifeen, SE, et alEffectiveness of maternal influenza immunization in mothers and infants. N Engl J Med. 2008;359 (15):1555–1564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Eick, AA, Uyeki, TM, Klimov, A, et alMaternal influenza vaccination and effect on influenza virus infection in young infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165 (2):104–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Arifeen, S, Black, RE, Antelman, G, Baqui, A, Caulfield, L, Becker, S.Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. Pediatrics. 2001;108 (4):E67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Chantry, CJ, Howard, CR, Auinger, P.Full breastfeeding duration and associated decrease in respiratory tract infection in US children. Pediatrics. 2006;117 (2):425–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52.Howie, PW, Forsyth, JS, Ogston, SA, Clark, A, Florey, CD.Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ. 1990;300 (6716):11–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Quigley, MA, Kelly, YJ, Sacker, A.Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. Pediatrics. 2007;119 (4):e837–e842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54.Ip, S, Chung, M, Raman, G, Trikalinos, TA, Lau, J.A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeed Med. 2009;4(suppl 1)S17–S30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55.Bahl, R, Frost, C, Kirkwood, BR, et alInfant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalization in the first half of infancy: multicentre cohort study. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83 (6):418–426.Google ScholarPubMed
56.Hanson, L.Immunobiology of Human Milk: How Breastfeeding Protects Babies. Amarillo, Texas: Pharmasoft Publishing; 2004.Google Scholar
57.Tanaka, T, Nakajima, K, Murashima, A, Garcia-Bournissen, F, Koren, G, Ito, S.Safety of neuraminidase inhibitors against novel influenza A (H1N1) in pregnant and breastfeeding women. CMAJ. 2009;181 (1-2):55–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58.Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;1092, pt 1479–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Primary care interventions to promote breastfeeding: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149 (8):560–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Gartner, LM, Morton, J, Lawrence, RA, et alAmerican Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115 (2):496–506.Google ScholarPubMed
61.To, KK, Hung, IF, Li, IW, et alDelayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50 (6):850–859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Guidance: Considerations Regarding 2009 H1N1 Influenza in Intrapartum and Postpartum Hospital Settings. http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance/obstetric.htm. Published 2009. Accessed December 29, 2009.Google Scholar