Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T23:58:50.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Sustaining University Operations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2021

Benjamin J. Ryan*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Health Science Program, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Michael P. Muehlenbein
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Jon Allen
Affiliation:
Information Technology Services, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Joshua Been
Affiliation:
Data and Digital Scholarship, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Kenneth Boyd
Affiliation:
Student-Athlete Health and Wellness, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Mark Brickhouse
Affiliation:
Environmental Health and Safety, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Bryan W. Brooks
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Health Science Program, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Matthew Burchett
Affiliation:
Student Activities, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
C. Kevin Chambliss
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Jason D. Cook
Affiliation:
Marketing and Communications, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Adam Ecklund
Affiliation:
Health Services, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Lori Fogleman
Affiliation:
Media and Public Relations, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Peter Granick
Affiliation:
Operations, Finance and Administration, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Sharra Hynes
Affiliation:
Campus Living and Learning, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Tonya Hudson
Affiliation:
Media and Public Relations, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Michelle Huse
Affiliation:
Human Resources, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Micah Lamb
Affiliation:
IT Projects and Governance, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Tiffany Lowe
Affiliation:
Campus Living and Learning, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Jim Marsh
Affiliation:
Department of Counseling Services, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Niesha Nixon
Affiliation:
Health Services, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Dennis Nolan
Affiliation:
Environmental Health and Safety, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
George Nuñez
Affiliation:
Office of Emergency Management, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Walter “Sparky” Matthews
Affiliation:
Honors Program, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Sharon Stern
Affiliation:
Health Services, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Meaghann Wheelis
Affiliation:
Institutional Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
Nancy Brickhouse
Affiliation:
Curriculum and Instruction, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
*
Corresponding author: Benjamin J. Ryan, Email: benjamin_ryan@baylor.edu.

Abstract

Colleges and universities around the world engaged diverse strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Baylor University, a community of ˜22,700 individuals, was 1 of the institutions which resumed and sustained operations. The key strategy was establishment of multidisciplinary teams to develop mitigation strategies and priority areas for action. This population-based team approach along with implementation of a “Swiss Cheese” risk mitigation model allowed small clusters to be rapidly addressed through testing, surveillance, tracing, isolation, and quarantine. These efforts were supported by health protocols including face coverings, social distancing, and compliance monitoring. As a result, activities were sustained from August 1 to December 8, 2020. There were 62,970 COVID-19 tests conducted with 1435 people testing positive for a positivity rate of 2.28%. A total of 1670 COVID-19 cases were identified with 235 self-reports. The mean number of tests per week was 3500 with approximately 80 of these positive (11/d). More than 60 student tracers were trained with over 120 personnel available to contact trace, at a ratio of 1 per 400 university members. The successes and lessons learned provide a framework and pathway for similar institutions to mitigate the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 and sustain operations during a global pandemic.

Type
Original Research
Copyright
© Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

CDC. Common human coronaviruses. https://bit.ly/2UHmjOM. Accessed April 2, 2020.Google Scholar
WHO. Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). Accessed May 22, 2020.Google Scholar
WHO. Timeline of WHO’s response to COVID-19. https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2020-covidtimeline. Accessed December 1, 2020.Google Scholar
Trump, D. Proclamation on Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Washington, DC: The White House; 2020.Google Scholar
Livingstone, L. Baylor to go online remainder of semester, Commencement postponed. Waco, Texas: Baylor University; 2020.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. Quickfacts: Waco City, Texas; McLennan County, Texas; United States. United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/wacocitytexas. Accessed December 1, 2020.Google Scholar
Seshia, SS, Bryan Young, G, Makhinson, M, et al. Gating the holes in the Swiss cheese (part I): expanding professor Reason’s model for patient safety. J Eval Clin Pract. 2018;24(1):187197.Google ScholarPubMed
Cleveland Clinic. Advice on Reopening Business: Frequently Asked Questions Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/files/org/employer-solutions/covid-19-workplace-safety-faqs.ashx. Accessed December 2, 2020.Google Scholar
Burkle, FM, Bradt, DA, Ryan, BJ. Global public health database support to population-based management of pandemics and global public health crises, part I: the concept. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020:36(1):105110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wirth, M, Rauschenbach, L, Hurwitz, B, et al. The meaning of care and ethics to mitigate the harshness of triage in second-wave scenario planning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Bioeth. 2020;20(7):W17W19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Office of the Texas Governor. Governor’s Strike Force to open Texas. 2020. https://open.texas.gov/. Accessed April 1, 2021.Google Scholar
Walke, HT, Honein, MA, Redfield, RR. Preventing and responding to COVID-19 on college campuses. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.20027 Google Scholar
Livingstone, L. Presidential perspective - April 30, 2020. Baylor University. https://www.baylor.edu/president/news.php?action=story&story=218833. Accessed December 5, 2020.Google Scholar
Thomas, KV, Bijlsma, L, Castiglioni, S, et al. Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2012;432:432439.Google Scholar
Pöyry, T, Stenvik, M, Hovi, T. Viruses in sewage waters during and after a poliomyelitis outbreak and subsequent nationwide oral poliovirus vaccination campaign in Finland. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988;54(2):371374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berchenko, Y, Manor, Y, Freedman, LS, et al. Estimation of polio infection prevalence from environmental surveillance data. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9(383):eaaf6786.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Choi, PM, O’Brien, JW, Tscharke, BJ, et al. Population socioeconomics predicted using wastewater. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2020;7(8):567572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, W, Xu, Y, Gao, R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA. 2020;323(18):18431844.Google ScholarPubMed
Wu, F, Xiao, A, Zhang, J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.05.20051540 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medema, G, Heijnen, L, Elsinga, G, et al. Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in sewage and correlation with reported COVID-19 prevalence in the early stage of the epidemic in the Netherlands. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2020;7(7):511516.Google Scholar
Ahmed, W, Angel, N, Edson, J, et al. First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Sci Total Environ. 2020;728:138764.Google Scholar
Peccia, J, Zulli, A, Brackney, DE, et al. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater tracks community infection dynamics. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38(10):11641167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baylor University. Student life at Baylor. https://www.baylor.edu/student_life/index.php?id=966336. Accessed December 28, 2020.Google Scholar
Waco-McLennan County Public Health District. Waco-McLennan County COVID-19 statistics. https://covidwaco.com/county/. Accessed January 7, 2021.Google Scholar
Texas Health and Human Services. Texas Department of State Health Services COVID Dashboard. https://txdshs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/ed483ecd702b4298ab01e8b9cafc8b83. Accessed January 7, 2021.Google Scholar