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Restoration of the Caledonian Baltoscandian margin from balanced cross-sections: the problem of excess continental crust

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

R. A. Gayer ,
A. H. N. Rice ,
D. Roberts ,
C. Townsend  and
A. Welbon
R. A. Gayer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University College, P.O. Box 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, U.K.
A. H. N. Rice
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University College, P.O. Box 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, U.K.
D. Roberts
Affiliation:
Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse, P.O. Box 3006, N-7001 Trondheirn, Norway.
C. Townsend
Affiliation:
Cambridge Arctic Shelf Programme, c/o Department of Earth Sciences, West Buildings, Gravel Hill, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, U.K.
A. Welbon
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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Abstract

Consideration of six balanced cross-sections through parts of the Finnmark Caledonides, N Norway indicates that shortening varies between 25% and 75%. A restored long cross-section across the width of the orogen, constructed with the aid of a branch line map, demonstrates a foreland propagating thrust system, with earlier formed more internal metamorphic nappes thrust SE 330 km under ductile conditions and then carried piggyback ESE a further 296 km on later brittle thrust sheets. Total shortening is 78·7% with a translation of the most internal thrust sheet of 626 km.

The restored section suggests that: (1) the rate of propagation of deformation from hinterland to foreland is c. 2·27 cm y−1; (2) incorporation of basement into the nappes resulted from inversion of extensional faults formed during Iapetus rifting; (3) during rifting a Finnmark basement ridge separated a 220 km wide southeasterly Gaissa basin from the passive Iapetus continental margin which was at least 423 km wide; (4) the Finnmark Caledonides resulted from a continent-microcontinent collision which obducted continental crust at least 600 km across the Baltic margin; and (5) the Caledonian Baltoscandian margin prior to Iapetus suturing extended at least 400 km W of the Norwegian coast. On a Bullard reconstruction this overlaps with Laurentian rocks in Greenland. The excess continental crust is accounted for by shortening of the Baltoscandian margin during collision.

Keywords

balanced cross-sectionscollision tectonicscontinental obductionFinnmark CaledonidesIapetuspalinspastic reconstruction.
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 78 , Issue 3 , 1987 , pp. 197 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1987

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