Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:31:13.267Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Actinopterygian and acanthodian fishes from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

M. I. Coates
Affiliation:
University Museum of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 2EJ, U.K.

Abstract

Forty-one specimens of acanthodians and actinopterygians were examined from Units 26 to 38 of the Geikie Tuff, Little Cliff Shale and East Kirkton Limestone of the Viséan East Kirkton Limestone sequence. The results yielded six actinopterygian species including a platysomid and two probable juveniles of uncertain affinities, and three acanthodians including two acanthodidids and a climatiid-like denticle. Most specimens consist of isolated bones and scales, but articulated remains of an acanthodian and actinopterygians were found in Units 37 and 38 of the East Kirkton Limestone. The faunal composition is characteristically Oil-Shale in aspect and resembles that of Broxburn (Pumpherston). The presence of deep-bodied and juvenile fishes in the same strata combined with the mode of preservation indicate a palaeohabitat with limited current action and a soft substrate.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agassiz, J. L. R. 1833-43 (1844). Recherches sur les poissons fossiles. Text (5 vols) & Atlas (2 vols). Neuchatel: Petitpierre.Google Scholar
Andrews, S. M. & Carroll, R. L. 1991. The Order Adelospondyli: Carboniferous lepospondyl amphibians. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 82, 239–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, L. S. 1940. Classification of fish and fish-like vertebrates, both Recent and fossil-Akademia Nauk SSSR, Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta 5: 85517. [Russian and English].Google Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G. & Clarkson, E. N. K. 1983. The Lower Carboniferous Granton ‘shrimp bed’, Edinburgh. In Briggs, D. E. G. & Lane, P. D. (Eds) Trilobites and early arthropods: papers in honour of Professor H. B. Whittington F. R. S. SPEC PAP PALAEONTOL 30, 616–27.Google Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G. & Clarkson, E. N. K. 1985. The Lower Carboniferous shrimp Tealliocaris from Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. TRANS R SOC EDINBURTH: EARTH SCI 76, 173201.Google Scholar
Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. New York: Freeman.Google Scholar
Clarkson, E. N. K. 1985. Palaeoecology of the Dinantian of Foulden, Berwickshire, Scotland. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 76, 97100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, E. N. K., Milner, A. R. & Coates, M. I. 1994. Palaeoecology of the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 84, 417425.Google Scholar
De Koninck, L. G. 1978. Faune du Calcaire Carbonifere de la Belgique. ANN MUS ROY D'HIST NAT BELGIQUE II, 1152.Google Scholar
Denison, R. H. 1979. Acanthodii. In Schultze, H.-P. (Ed.) Handbook of paleoichthyology, 5. Stuttgart: Fischer Verlag.Google Scholar
Elder, R. L. & Smith, G. R. 1988. Fish taphonomy and environmental inference in paleolimnology. PALAEOGEOG, PALAEOCLIM, PALAEOECOL 62, 577–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forey, P. L. 1984. Yet more reflections on agnathan-gnathostome relationships. J VERTEBR PALEONTOL 4, 330–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forey, P. L. & Young, V. T. 1985. Acanthodian and coelacanth fish from the Dinantian of Foulden, Berwickshire, Scotland. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 76, 5360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardiner, B. G. & Schaeffer, B. 1989. Interrelationships of lower actinopterygian fishes. ZOOL J LINN SOC 97, 135–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancock, J. A. & Atthey, T. 1868. Notes on the remains of some reptiles and fishes from the shales of the Northumberland Coal-field. ANN MAG NAT HIST (4) 5, 266–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hibbert, S. 1836. On the fresh-water limestone of Burdiehouse. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 13, 169282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, P. 1992. Faunal distribution, seasonal deposition, and fish taphonomy at the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Kinney Brick Company Quarry, central New Mexico. In Zidek, J. (Ed.) Geology and paleontology of the Kinney Brick Quarry, Late Pennsylvanian, central New Mexico, BULL 138, 3748. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources.Google Scholar
Huxley, T. H. 1861. Preliminary essay upon the systematic arrangement of the fishes of the Devonian epoch. MEM GEOL SURV UK, 10 Dec, 146.Google Scholar
Keast, A. & Webb, D. 1966. Mouth and body form relative to feeding ecology in the fish fauna of a small lake, Lake Opinicon, Ontario. J FISH RES BOARD CANADA 23, 1845–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehman, J.-P. 1966. Actinopterygii. In Piveteau, J. (Ed.) Traité de Paléontologie 4 (3), 1387. Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Long, J. A. 1986a. A new Late Devonian acanthodian fish from Mt. Howitt, Victoria, Australia, with remarks on acanthodian biogeography. PROC ROY SOC VICT 98, 117.Google Scholar
Long, J. A. 1986b. New ischanacanthid acanthodians from the Early Devonian of Australia, with comments on acanthodian interrelationships. ZOOL J LINN SOC 87, 321–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, J. A. 1988. New palaeoniscoid fishes from the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous of Victoria. In Jell, P. A. (Ed.) Devonian and Carboniferous fish studies, MEM 7, 163. Sydney: Association of Australasian Palaeontologists.Google Scholar
Lowney, K. A. 1980. Certain Bear Gulch (Namurian A, Montana) Actinopterygii (Osteichthyes), and a reevaluation of the evolution of the Paleozoic actinopterygians. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
Miles, R. S. 1966. The acanthodian fishes of the Devonian Platenkalk of the Paffrath Trough in the Rhineland with an appendix containing a classification of the Acanthodii and a revision of the genus Homalacanthus. ARKIV ZOOL (STOCKHOLM) SER 2 18, 147–94.Google Scholar
Miles, R. S. 1970. Remarks on the vertebral column and caudal fin of acanthodian fishes. LETHAIA 3, 343–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, R. S. 1973. Relationships of acanthodians. In Greenwood, P. H., Miles, R. S. & Patterson, C. (Eds) Interrelationships of fishes, 63103. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Moy-Thomas, J. A. & Bradley Dyne, M. 1938. Actinopterygian fishes from the Lower Carboniferous of Glencartholm, Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. TRAN R SOC EDINBURGH 59, 437–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, C. 1982. Morphology and interrelationships of primitive actinopterygian fishes. AM ZOOL 22, 241–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rolfe, W. D. I., Durant, G. P., Fallick, A. E., Hall, A. J., Large, D. J., Scott, A. C., Smithson, T. R. & Walkden, G. M. 1990. An early terrestrial biota preserved by Viséan vulcanicity in Scotland. In Lockley, M. G. & Rice, A. (Eds) Volcanism and fossil biotas: Boulder, Colorado. GEOL SOC AM SPEC PAP 244.Google Scholar
Rolfe, W. D. I., Durant, G. P., Baird, W. J., Chaplin, C., Paton, R. L. & Reekie, R. J. 1994. The East Kirkton Limestone, Viséan, West Lothian, Scotland: introduction and stratigraphy. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH: EARTH SCI 84, 177188.Google Scholar
Romer, A. S. 1966. Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd edn. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Schram, F. R. 1983. Lower Carboniferous biota of Glencartholm, Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. SCOTT J GEOL 19, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultze, H.-P. 1990. A new acanthodian from the Pennsylvanian of Utah, U.S.A., and the distribution of otoliths in gnathostomes. J VERTBR PALEONTOL 10, 4958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultze, H.-P. & Bardack, D. 1987. Diversity and size changes in palaeonisciform fishes (Actinopterygii, Pisces) from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Fauna, Illinois, U.S.A. J VERTEBR PALAEONTOL 7, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smithson, T. R. 1985. Scottish Carboniferous amphibian localities. SCOTT J GEOL 21, 123–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traquair, R. H. 1867. Description of Pygopterus greenocki (Agassiz), with notes on the structural relations of the genera Pygopterus, Amblypterus, and Eurynotus. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 24, 701–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traquair, R. H. 1877-1914. The ganoid fishes of the British Carboniferous formations. Part 1. Palaeoniscidae. MONOGR PALAEONTOGR SOC 1186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traquair, R. H. 1968. On the structure and affinities of the Platysomidae. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 30, 1571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traquair, R. H. 1903. On the distribution of fossil fish-remains in the Carboniferous rocks of the Edinburgh district. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 40, 687707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traquair, R. H. 1907. Report on the fossil fishes collected by the Geological Survey of Scotland from Shales exposed on the shore near Gullane, East Lothian. TRANS R SOC EDINBURGH 46, 103–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, D. M. S. 1928. On some points in the structure of palaeoniscid and allied fish. PROC ZOOL SOC LONDON 1928, 4970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S. P. 1975. Recent discoveries of Carboniferous fishes in Edinburgh. SCOTT J GEOL 11, 251–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S. P. 1982. New basal Namurian (Upper Carboniferous) fishes and crustaceans found near Glasgow. NATURE, LONDON 297, 574–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodward, A. S. 1891. Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), part I. London: British Museum (Natural History), xlvii + 474 pp.Google Scholar