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Geochemistry of a continental tholeiite suite: late Palaeozoic quartz dolerite dykes of Scotland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

R. Macdonald ,
D. Gottfried ,
M. J. Farrington ,
F. W. Brown  and
N. G. Skinner
R. Macdonald
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster LAI 4YQ, England
D. Gottfried
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, Reston, Va 22092, U.S.A.
M. J. Farrington
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster LAI 4YQ, England
F. W. Brown
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, Reston, Va 22092, U.S.A.
N. G. Skinner
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, National Center, Reston, Va 22092, U.S.A.
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Abstract

The late Carboniferous quartz dolerite suite of Scotland consists mainly of quartz tholeiites, with subordinate olivine tholeiites and tholeiitic andesites. The low pressure evolution of the magmas was controlled by fractionation of olivine–plagioclase–pyroxene–oxides assemblages from more magnesian compositions and plagioclase–pyroxene–oxides–apatite removal from intermediate compositions. A higher pressure stage dominated by olivine fractionation is suggested by the presence of olivine nodules in a magnesian basalt dyke from Fife.

The suite is of high-Fe-Ti type, closely comparable to certain basalts erupted in areas of active lithospheric spreading or “hot spots”, such as Iceland and Hawaii. The ppO2 can be inferred to have been rather higher in the Scottish rocks than in comparative suites, promoting earlier separation of Fe-Ti oxides, with the consequent effects on trace element distribution.

Apart from varying degrees of fractionation, chemical variations in the dykes are of three types: rather minor variations along individual dykes, variations across certain thicker dykes, and minor and trace element variations reflecting chemical heterogeneities in the mantle sources. The dykes and sills are inferred to have been fed from a plexus of small, partly independent, magma reservoirs.

New trace element data on tholeiitic lavas from the Oslo Rift confirm recently revived suggestions that the Scottish and northern English quartz dolerites are part of a larger province extending into Scandinavia.

Keywords

Carboniferous continental tholeiiteshigh Fe-Ti basaltslow-temperature remobilizationmantle heterogeneityolivine nodulespolybaric fractionation
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 72 , Issue 1 , 1981 , pp. 57 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1981

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