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Geochronological studies of the Bohemian massif, Czechoslovakia, and their significance in the evolution of Central Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

O. van Breemen ,
M. Aftalion ,
D. R. Bowes ,
A. Dudek ,
Z. Mísař ,
P. Povondra  and
S. Vrána
O. van Breemen
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Canada K1A OE8.
M. Aftalion
Affiliation:
Isotope Geology Unit, Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 OQU, Scotland.
D. R. Bowes
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland.
A. Dudek
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czechoslovakia.
Z. Mísař
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czechoslovakia.
P. Povondra
Affiliation:
Department of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystallography, Charles Univeristy, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czechoslovakia.
S. Vrána
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Czechoslovakia, Malostranske nam. 19, 118 21 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia.
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Abstract

U–Pb zircon and Rb–Sr whole-rock analyses from various gneisses and plutonie rocks of the Moldanubian and Moravo-Silesian zones and the stable foreland of the Hercynian (Variscan) orogenic belt indicate that most of the crust in Central Europe was first formed during the Cadomian orogeny which straddles the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary. Zircons, however, have a memory of older ages which correspond with those of events known in Fennoscandia. The new radiometrie data are consistent with the stratigraphie record in that they do not provide any evidence for a major early Palaeozoic tectonothermal event between the Cadomian and Hercynian orogenies.

Granulites from two localities in the Moldanubian zone yield U–Pb zircon ages of 345 ± 5 Ma; discordant zircon data points indicate that the granulite facies metamorphism was not of long duration. Tectonic units containing these high grade rocks were emplaced amongst amphibolite facies rocks during an event of widespread shearing which has been dated at 341 ± 4 Ma on the basis of a lower U–Pb zircon intercept age from one of the sheared gneisses and 338 ± 3 Ma U–Pb ages from monazites. Rb–Sr muscovite ages of 331 ± 5 Ma from pegmatites axial planar to asymmetrical folds date the last stage of SE-directed simple shear. A Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron of 331 ± 4 Ma from a principal magmatic type of the Central Bohemian pluton confirms the field evidence that the large NE-trending plutons of the Moldanubian zone were emplaced during a late stage of the deformation. The strong disturbance of the U–Pb zircon isotopic system in the sheared gneisses suggests U loss while a high U/Th ratio in monazite from one of these tectonised rocks suggests the simultaneous passage of hydrothermal fluids. Thus a crustal source is indicated for the uranium deposits of the Moldanubian zone.

Critical to any plate tectonic model for the development of the Middle European Hercynides was the existence of an ocean in Early Devonian times which separated a North European continent from a South European continent(s). The northward movement of the South European continent over a shallowly-dipping subduction zone and subsequent continental collision can explain the high T–low P metamorphism and the imbricated tectonic style of the Moldanubian zone and adjacent Moravo-Silesian zone along the southeastern Hercynian foreland. The temporal separation of granulites and granites implies distinct conditions of formation and it has been suggested that the plutonism, following on from the imbrication of the Cadomian crust, was initiated by the subduction of wet oceanic sediments.

Keywords

gneissgranitegranuliteisotopic disturbancemonaziteplate tectonic modelRb–Sr isochronsimple shearsubductionuranium mineralisationU–Pb concordiazircon.
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 73 , Issue 2 , 1982 , pp. 89 - 108
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1982

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