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Kossoviella timanica Petrosjan emend. from the Upper Devonian of North Timan: morphology and spore ultrastructure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2018

Olga A. Orlova ,
Natalia Zavialova ,
Sergey Snigirevsky ,
Aleftina Jurina  and
Anna Lidskaya
Olga A. Orlova*
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia. Email: oowood@mail.ru A. A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123 Profsoyuznaya, Moscow, 117647, Russia.
Natalia Zavialova
Affiliation:
A. A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123 Profsoyuznaya, Moscow, 117647, Russia.
Sergey Snigirevsky
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Science, St. Petersburg University, 7–9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Aleftina Jurina
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia. Email: oowood@mail.ru
Anna Lidskaya
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia. Email: oowood@mail.ru
*
*Corresponding author
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Abstract

The morphology of sterile and fertile structures (terminal strobili) of the Upper Devonian heterosporous lycopsid Kossoviella timanica Petrosjan 1984 from northern Russia (North Timan) is re-described: the axes are dichotomously branched; sterile leaves are narrow with smooth margins; the transition from sterile axes to strobili is gradual; the strobili are narrow and cylindrical, occasionally dichotomously branched; sporophylls are long, lanceolate, with crenulated margins; megasporangia with thin, mostly destroyed, sporangium walls contain one or two tetrads of large megaspores without a gula; numerous microspore tetrads are present in the microsporangia; both mega- and microspores are cavate, with a two-layered sporoderm; the outer layer of the sporoderm of both mega- and microspores consists of a net of intertwined cylindrical elements; the inner layer of the megaspore sporoderm is a basal lamina; and the inner homogeneous layer of the microspore sporoderm is split into multilamellate zones near the arms of the proximal scar. A comparison between abortive and fertile megaspores, some of which apparently were not completely mature, allows us to hypothesise that the enlargement and lateral stretching of structural units of the sporoderm, and the spaces between them, took place during the final stages of ontogenesis of megaspores along with the additional accumulation of amorphous sporopollenin. Both layers of the megaspore sporoderm, as well as the cavity between them, developed early in the ontogenesis. Although Kossoviella timanica was certainly a unique Late Devonian plant, it bears some resemblance to the Givetian heterosporous, bisporangiate lycopsid Yuguangia ordinata in having dichotomously branching axes, sporophylls with spiny margins and strobili with proximal megasporangia and distal microsporangia. Kossoviella timanica is also similar to the Famennian bisporangiate lycopsid Bisporangiostrobus harrisii in lacking a ligula and in having dichotomously branching strobili with proximal megasporangia and distal microsporangia.

Keywords

bisporangiate strobiliFrasniangeneral morphologyheterosporous lycopsidsin-situ sporesNorth Russiasporoderm ultrastructure
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 108 , Issue 4: Agora Paleobotanica , December 2017 , pp. 355 - 372
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2018 

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