Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:24:33.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Life habit and enrolment in Calymenacea (Trilobita) and their significance for classification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

W. Hammann
W. Hammann
Affiliation:
Wolfgang Hammann, Paläontologisches Institut der Universität, Pleicherwall 1, 87 Würzburg, B.R.D.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The life habit of Neseuretus is reconstructed on the basis of functional analysis and compared with that of other Calymenacea. Neseuretus, like all Calymenidae, was probably a filter feeder, burrowing downward into the sediment, where it rested hidden in a U-shaped attitude. Homalonotidae developed frontal burrowing and Bathycheilidae probably lived on the sediment. These calymenid families have different enrolment and behavioural patterns. Enrolment structures are developed, analysis of which leads to an understanding of phylogeny. Bathycheilidae maintained an unspecialised spiral enrolment. Flexicalymeninae and Calymeninae developed an advanced spiral enrolment, while a pseudosphaeroidal enrolment was achieved along independent lines in Kerfornellinae and Homalonotidae.

Keywords

Calymenaceaenrolmentlife habitsystematicsTrilobita.
Type
Structure and function
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 76 , Issue 2-3: Fossil Anthropods as Living Animals , 1985 , pp. 307 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bates, D. E. B. 1969. Some early Arenig brachiopods and trilobites from Wales. BULL BR MUS NAT HIST (GEOL) 18, 1–28.Google Scholar
Bergström, J. 1973a. Organisation, life and systematics of trilobites. FOSSILS STRATA 2, 1–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergström, , 1973b. Palaeoecologic aspects of an Ordovician Tretaspis fauna. ACTA GEOL POL 23, 179–206.Google Scholar
Bergström, , 1977. Proetida—a disorderly order of trilobites. LETHAIA 10, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brassel, G. & Bergström, J. 1968. Der Trilobit Parahomalonotus planus (KOCH 1883), ein Homalonotidae aus dem unterdevonischen Hunsrückschiefer. GEOL JAHRB HESSEN 106, 5–11.Google Scholar
Clarke, J. M. 1913. Fosseis devonianos do Paraná. MONOGR SERV GEOL MINER BRAZ 1.Google Scholar
Clarkson, E. N. K. 1966. The life attitude of the Silurian Trilobite Phacops musheni Salter 1864. SCOTT J GEOL 2, 76–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, , 1969. A functional study of the Silurian odontopleurid trilobite Leonaspis deflexa (LAKE). LETHAIA 2, 329–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarkson, E. N. K. & Henry, J.-L. 1973. Structures coaptatives et enroulement chez quelques trilobites ordoviciens et siluriens. LETHAIA 6, 105–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalingwater, J. E. & Miller, J. 1977. The laminae and cuticular organization of the trilobite Asaphus raniceps. PALAEONTOLOGY 20, 21–32.Google Scholar
Dollo, L. 1910. La Paléontologie ethologique. BULL SOC BELG GEOL PALEONTOL HYDROL MEM 23, 377–412.Google Scholar
Eldredge, N. 1970. Observations on burrowing behaviour in Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Merostomata), with implications on the functional anatomy of trilobites. AM MUS NOVIT 2436, 1–17.Google Scholar
Evitt, N. R. & Whittington, H. B. 1953. The exoskeleton of Flexicalymene (Trilobita). J PALEONTOL 27, 49–53.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. & Morris, R. R. 1982. The Ordovician trilobite Neseuretus from Saudi Arabia, and the palaeogeography of the Neseuretus fauna related to Gondwanaland in the earlier Ordovician. BULL BR MUS NAT HIST (GEOL) 36, 63–75.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. & Owens, R. M. 1979. Enrollment in the classification of trilobites. LETHAIA 12, 219–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haas, W. 1968. Trilobiten aus dem Silur und Devon von Bithynien (NW-Türkei). PALAEONTOGRAPHICA A 130, 60–207.Google Scholar
Haas, , 1981. Tastsinnesorgane bei Trimerus (Dipleura)—Trilobita, Homalonotidae.—Ein Beitrag zum Bau und Leben der Trilobiten. NAT MUS 111, 347–55.Google Scholar
Hammann, W. 1983. Calymenacea (Trilobita) aus dem Ordovizium von Spanien; ihre Biostratigraphie, Ökologie and Systematik. ABH SENCKENB NATURSFORSCH GES 524.Google Scholar
Henry, J.-L. 1970. Quelques Calymenacea (trilobites) de l'Ordovicien de Bretagne. ANN PALEONTOL 56, 1–27.Google Scholar
Henry, J.-L. 1976. Kerfornella nov. gen., trilobite Homalonotidae de l'Ordovicien armoricain et ibérique. GEOBIOS 9, 664–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, J.-L. 1980a. Trilobites ordoviciens du Massif Armoricain. MEM SOC GEOL MINER BRETAGNE 22.Google Scholar
Henry, J.-L. 1980b. Evolution and classification of some Ordovician Calymenina (Trilobita). GEOL MAG 117, 351–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, J.-L. 1983. Analyse cladistique et Trilobites: un point de vue. LETHAIA 17, 61–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, J.-L. & Clarkson, E. N. K. 1974. Enrollment and coaptations in some species of the Ordovician trilobite genus Placoparia. FOSSILS STRATA 4, 87–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hupé, P. 1953. Classe des trilobites (Trilobita WALCH 1771). In Piveteau, J. (ed.) Traité de Paléontologie 3, 44–246. Paris: Masson.Google Scholar
Hupé, P. 1955. Classification des trilobites. ANN PALEONTOL 41, 91–304.Google Scholar
Jefferies, R. P. S. & Lewis, D. N. 1978. The English Silurian fossil Placocystites forbesianus and the ancestry of the vertebrates. PHILOS TRANS R SOC LONDON B 282, 205–323.Google Scholar
Miller, J. 1975. Structure and function of trilobite terrace lines. FOSSILS STRATA 4, 155–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, pp. 0453–6. Lawrence, Kansas: Geol. Soc. Am. & Univ. Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Osgood, R. G. 1970. Trace fossils from the Cincinnati area. PALAEONTOGR AM 6, 281–444.Google Scholar
Osmólska, H. 1975. Fine morphological characters of some Upper Palaeozoic trilobites. FOSSILS STRATA 4, 201–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richter, R. 1920. Vom Bau und Leben der Trilobiten, II. Der Aufenthalt auf dem Boden. Der Schutz. Die Ernahrung. SENCKENBERGIANA 2, 13–43.Google Scholar
Richter, R. & Richter, E. 1937. Das Werden der Heimat in Bildern. 6. Als der Sandstein des Taunus noch Meeressand war. NAT VOLK 67, 453–58.Google Scholar
Schmalfuss, H. 1978. Constructional morphology of cuticular terraces in trilobites, with conclusions on synecological evolution. NEUES JAHRB GEOL PALAONTOL ABH 157, 164–8.Google Scholar
Sdzuy, K. 1957. Bemerkungen zur Familie Homalonotidae (mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art von Calymenella). SENCKENB LETHAEA 38, 275–90.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1959. Vom Leben der Trilobiten. NATURWISSEN-SCHAFTEN 12, 389–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seilacher, A. 1961. Krebse im Brandungssand. NAT VOLK 91, 257–64.Google Scholar
Siveter, D. J. 1977. The middle Ordovician of the Oslo Region, Norway, 27. Trilobites of the family Calymenidae. NOR GEOL TIDSKR 56, 335–96.Google Scholar
Stitt, J. H. 1976. Functional morphology and life habits of the late Cambrian trilobite Stenopilus pronus RAYMOND. J. PALEONTOL 50, 561–76.Google Scholar
Størmer, L. 1932. Studies on trilobite morphology. Part I: The thoracic appendages and their phylogenetic significance. NOR GEOL TIDSKR 19, 143–273.Google Scholar
Størmer, L. 1980. Sculpture and microstructure of the exoskeleton in chasmopinid and phacopid trilobites. PALAEONTOLOGY 23, 237–71.Google Scholar
Teigler, D. J. & Towe, K. M. 1975. Microstructure and composition of the trilobite exoskeleton. FOSSILS STRATA 4, 137–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, A. T. 1977. Classification and phylogeny of homalonotid trilobites. PALAEONTOLOGY 20, 159–78.Google Scholar
Vaněk, J. 1965. New species of the suborder Calymenina SWINNERTON, 1915 (Trilobita) from the Barrandian area. SB GEOL VED PALEONTOL 6, 21–37.Google Scholar
Westorp, S. R. 1983. The life habits of the Ordovician illaenine trilobite Bumastoides. LETHAIA 16, 15–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1965. Platycoryphe, an Ordovician homalonotid trilobite. J PALEONTOL 39, 487–91.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1966. Phylogeny and distribution of Ordovician trilobites. J PALEONTOL 40, 696–737.Google Scholar