V.—On the Fructification of some Ferns from the Carboniferous Formation

Robert Kidston

doi:10.1017/S0080456800025497

V.—On the Fructification of some Ferns from the Carboniferous Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2012

Robert Kidston

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In a Review of Dr Stur's Zur Morphologie und Systematik der Culmund Carbonfarne, I pointed out that he appears to have included two types of fern fructifications in his genus Calymmatotheca.

The first type includes those forms originally placed in Calymmatotheca and consists of a number of exannulate sporangia arranged around a common point of attachment; the second type, which was first described in Zur. Morph., u. Syst. d. Culm- u. Carbonfarne, is there represented by C. Avoldensis and C. Frenzli. The fruit of these two species is apparently surrounded by an involucre or indusium, and it is only with this part of the fructification that we are at present acquainted. I also further indicated that in Calymmatotheca, as I proposed to restrict the genus, the fruiting portions of the frond are entirely deprived of foliage pinnules, whereas in the other type (C. Avoldensis and C. Frenzli) only a very slight modification takes place in the fertile portion of the fronds—the sporangia being borne on the ordinary foliage pinnules.

Type: Transactions
Information: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , May 1887 , pp. 137 - 156

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800025497 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1887

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^{page 137 note *} Geol. Mag., Dec. III. vol. i. p. 328, July 1884 Google Scholar.

^{page 137 note †} Sitzb. der k. Akad. der Wissemch., Band lxxxviii. 1 Abth., 1883 Google Scholar.

^{page 137 note ‡} “Culm-Flora,” Heft ii. p. 255, Abhandl. d. k. k. geol. Reichsanst., vol. viii. Of the four figures of Calymmatothecous fruits given here by Stur, C. Schimperi, C. minor, C. Haueri, and C. Stangeri, my interpretation of the structure of these fruits is chiefly founded on C. Stangeri, as this seems the most perfectly preserved.

^{page 137 note §} p. 799.

^{page 137 note ∥} Quart. Jour. Geol Soc., vol. xl. p. 590 Google Scholar.

^{page 138 note *} Cours d. Botan. Foss., Troisième Année, p. 198, 1883.

^{page 138 note †} Ann. d. Scienc. Nat., 6^e sér. Bot., tome xvi. p. 182, pl. ix. figs. 10, 11.

^{page 138 note ‡} Lesquereux, , Rept. Geol. Survey of Illin., vol. iv. p. 406,Google Scholar pl. xiv. figs. 6, 7; Coal Flora of Pennsyl., p. 328, pl. xlviii. fig. 9; see also Zeiller, Ann. d. Scienc. Nat., loc. cit., p. 182, pl. ix. figs. 10, 11.

^{page 138 note §} Abhandl. d. k. k. geol. Reichsanst., Band xi. Abth. 1, p. 239, Wien, 1885 Google Scholar. It is to be regretted that Dr Stur here accuses M. Zeiller of writing anonymously my Review of his Carbon-Flora, contributed to the Geol. Mag., which communication M. Zeiller had neither seen nor was aware of, till after its publication—especially as the paper more fully explaining my views on this subject was published in the Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., Aug. 1, 1884.

^{page 138 note ∥} Loc. cit., p. 238.

^{page 139 note *} Culm-Flora, Heft i. pl. i. fig. 2.

^{page 139 note †} Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xl. p. 591 Google Scholar.

^{page 139 note ‡} Carbon-Flora, p. 241.

^{page 139 note §} Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xl. p. 590 Google Scholar.

^{page 140 note *} Die Carbon-Flora, p. 265, pl. xxxviii. figs. 1, 2.

^{page 140 note †} It is unfortunate that many of the figures on the plates of Dr Stur's Carbon-Flora are so indistinct that it is quite impossible to discuss minute details of structure from them.

^{page 140 note ‡} Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Band xiv. No. 5, Stockholm, 1876 Google Scholar.

^{page 141 note *} In one or two sporangia I think there can be detected a small elongated pore a little below the apex, but defer positively affirming its presence till I have more frequently seen its occurrence, and so convince myself that this appearance is not accidental.

^{page 142 note *} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx. p. 539, pl. xxxi. fig. 6Google Scholar.

^{page 142 note †} See Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx. pl. xxxi. fig. 6Google Scholar.

^{page 143 note *} Coal Flora of Pennsyl., p. 328, pl. xlviii. fig. 8.

^{page 144 note *} Collected by Mr A. Macconchie, Fossil Collector to the Geol. Sur. of Scotland.

^{page 144 note †} The specimens from Northumberland and Cumberland have been mostly collected by Mr J. Rhodes, Fossil Collector to the Geol. Sur. of England.

^{page 145 note *} Sternberg, Vers. ii. p. 15, pl. xiii. fig. 4.

^{page 145 note †} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., loc cit.

^{page 145 note ‡} Foss. Flora, vol. iii. pl. ccxxx.

^{page 146 note *} See Kidston, , Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. vii. p. 238 Google Scholar.

^{page 146 note †} Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., vol. xii. p. 162 Google Scholar.

^{page 146 note ‡} Trans. Bot. Soc. loc. cit., p. 187.

^{page 146 note §} Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv. p. 131 Google Scholar.

^{page 146 note ∥} Pl. viii. figs. 1–3 (4?).

^{page 146 note ¶} Pl. vii. fig. 2.

^{page 147 note *} Loc. cit., pl. liv. fig. 1.

^{page 149 note *} Carbon Flora, &c., p. 254.

^{page 150 note *} “Uber die Pflanzenreste des Kohlengebirges von Ibbenbühren und vom Piesberge bei Osnabruck,” in Keferstein's, Teuchland geognostisch-geologisch dargetsellt, vol. iv. p. 158, pl. i. figs. 5–8, Weimar, 1826 Google Scholar. His fig. 8 is the supposed fruiting pinnule.

^{page 150 note †} “Second Geol. Survey of Pennsylvania, Report of Progress P.P.,” The Permian or Upper Carboniferous Flora of West Virginia and S.-W. Pennsylvania, p. 47, pl. viii. figs. 7, 8, Harrisburg, 1880.

^{page 151 note *} Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. iii. p. 424 Google Scholar, pl. xxv. fig. le and 1f.

^{page 151 note †} See Zeiller, , “Notes sur la Flore houillère des Asturies,” Mém. Soc. Geol. du Nord. Lille, p. 6, 1882 Google Scholar.

^{page 151 note ‡} See Göppert, “Foss. Farrnkräuter,” Syst. fil. foss., p. 262, pl. xxxvi. fig. 4, Excipulites Neesii; Weiss, Foss. Flora d. jüng. Slk. u. d. Rothl., p. 19; Schimper, , Traité d. paléont. végét., vol. i. p. 141,Google Scholar pl. i. fig. 19, and Explanation to pl. xxxii. figs. 6 7; Geinitz, Vers. d. Steink. in Sachsen, p. 2, pl. xxiii. fig. 13, Excipulites Neesii; pl. xxv. fig. 10, Depazites Rabenhorsti; Feistmantel, , “Der Handendflötzzug,” &c., Archiv. d. Naturw. Landesdurchforschung von Böhmen, iv. Band, No. 6 (Geol. Abth.), p. 62,Google Scholar pl. i. fig. 1, Xylomides ellipticus; Weiss, , “Steinkohlen-Calamarien,” Abhandl. z. geol. specialkarte v. Preussen u. d. Thüringischen Staaten, Band v. Heft. ii. p. 66,Google Scholar pl. i. fig. 2; Grand' Eury, Flore carbon. du Départ. de la Loire et du centre de la France, p. 10, Excipulites punctalus and Hysterites cordaitis, pl. i. fig. 7, &c.

^{page 151 note §} Die Versteinerungen die Rothliegenden in Sachsen, p. 12, pl. iv. figs. 2, 3.

^{page 151 note ∥} See Weiss, Foss. Flora d. jüng. Stk. u. d. Rothl., p. 27; also for the fruit of Odontopteris, see Gand' Eury, Flore carbon. du Départ. de la Loire, p. iii. pl. xiii. fig. 4.

^{page 153 note *} Triphyllopteris Collombi, Scliimper-Zittel, , Handbuck der paléontologie, ii. Band, 1 Lief, p. 114,Google Scholar fig. 84, 1879; Traité d. paléont. végét., vol. i. p. 479, pl. cvii. fig. 13; “Les végét. foss. du terrain de trans, d. Vosges” (in Le terrain de trans. d. Vosges, by Koechlin-Schlumberger, J. and Schimper, W. Ph., Strasburg, 1862), p. 339,Google Scholar pl. xxvii. figs. 8–11 (Sphenopteris).

^{page 153 note †} Cyclopteris (Aneimites) Acadica, Dawson, , “Geological Survey of Canada,” Fossil Plants of the Lower Carboniferous and Millstone Grit Form. of Canada, p. 26, pl. vii. figs. 53–63, 1873 CrossRef Google Scholar; Acadian Geol., 2nd ed., p. 481, fig. 75, 1868 Google Scholar; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., vol. xxii. p. 153, pl. viii. fig. 32, 1865 Google Scholar.

^{page 153 note ‡} Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxx. p. 540 Google Scholar.

^{page 155 note *} “Memoirs of the Geol. Survey of Great Britain,” The Geology of Eastern Berwickshire, p. 58, 1864 Google Scholar.

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