Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T15:21:50.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A REVISION OF SCAPHIUM (STERCULIOIDEAE, MALVACEAE / STERCULIACEAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

P. Wilkie*
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail:p.wilkie@rbge.org.uk
Get access

Abstract

Species delimitation in Scaphium (Sterculioideae, Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae) has been problematic and has led to confusion in identification of species. The genus was last revised in 1953 and at that time comprised four species. Since then five new species have been published. This revision of Scaphium recognises eight species, with other names being accounted for in synonymy or by exclusion from the genus.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashton, P. S. (1988). Sterculiaceae. In: Manual of the Non-Dipterocarp Trees of Sarawak, pp. 382425. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustka.Google Scholar
Baillon, H. (1872). Histoire des Plantes 4. Paris: Librairie Hachette & Cie.Google Scholar
Bayer, C. & Kubitzki, K. (2003). Malvaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. & Bayer, C. (eds) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Dicotyledons 5: 225311. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Press.Google Scholar
Bayer, C., Fay, M. F., De Bruijn, P. Y., Savolainen, V., Morton, C. M., Kubitzki, K., Alverson, W. S. & Chase, M.W. (1999). Support for an expanded family concept of Malvaceae within a recircumscribed order Malvales: a combined analysis of plastid atpB and rbcL DNA sequences. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 129(4): 267303.Google Scholar
Bentham, G. (1862). Sterculiaceae. In: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (eds) Genera Plantarum, pp. 214228. London: Reeve and Co.Google Scholar
Brown, R. (1844). Pterocymbium, with observations on Sterculieae, the tribe to which it belongs (pp. 219238). Privately published.Google Scholar
Browne, F. G. (1955). Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products. Kuching: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Burkill, I. H. (1966). A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula 2 (reprinted). Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia Publication Unit.Google Scholar
Cockburn, P. F. (1976). Trees of Sabah 1. Kuching: Borneo Literature Bureau.Google Scholar
Corner, E. J. H. (1976). The Seeds of Dicotyledons 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Corner, E. J. H. (1997a). Wayside Trees of Malaya 2. Kuala Lumpur: United Selangor Press.Google Scholar
Corner, E. J. H. (1997b). Wayside Trees of Malaya 1. Kuala Lumpur: United Selangor Press.Google Scholar
Don, G. (1831). A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants 1. Thalamiflorae. London: Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington.Google Scholar
Edlin, H. L. (1935a). A critical revision of certain taxonomic groups of the Malvales. New Phytol. 34(1): 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edlin, H. L. (1935b). A critical revision of certain taxonomic groups of the Malvales Part II. New Phytol. 34(2): 123143.Google Scholar
Endlicher, S. L. (1840). Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita 13. Vienna: Vindobonae.Google Scholar
Endress, P. K., Jenny, M. & Fallen, M. E. (1983). Convergent elaboration of apocarpous gynoecia in higher advanced dicotyledons (Sapindales, Malvales, Gentianales). Nord. J. Bot. 3(3): 293300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdtman, G. (1969). Handbook of Palynology. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erdtman, G. (1972). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. New York: Hafner Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Guibourt, N. J. B. G. & Planchon, G. (1869). Histoire Naturelle des Drogues Simples: Ou Cours d'Histoire Naturelle Professé a l'Ecole de Pharmacie de Paris 3. Paris: J.-B. Baillière.Google Scholar
Guymer, G. P. (1988). A taxonomic revision of Brachychiton. Austral. Syst. Bot. 1: 199323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickey, L. J. (1979). A revised classification of the architecture of dicotyledonous leaves. In: Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. (eds) Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, pp. 2539. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Holttum, R. E. (1931). On periodic leaf-change and flowering of trees in Singapore. Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 5(7&8): 173206.Google Scholar
Holttum, R. E. (1940). Periodic leaf-change and flowering of trees in Singapore. Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11(2): 119175.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. (1967). The Genera of Flowering Plants (Angiospermae) II. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Huxley, A. E. (1999). The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening 1. London: Macmillan Reference Limited.Google Scholar
IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.Google Scholar
Jenny, M. (1983). Apocarpy in Sterculiaceae – structure, development, function and evolution. Acta Bot. Neerl. 32(4): 344.Google Scholar
Jenny, M. (1985). Struktur, funktion und systematische bedeutung des gynoeciums bei Sterculiaceen. Unpublished PhD thesis, Universität Zürich.Google Scholar
Johns, R. J. (1995). Malesia – An introduction. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 12(2): 5262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, G. (1891). Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 60: 5795.Google Scholar
Kochummen, K. M. (1973). Sterculiaceae. In: Whitmore, T. C. (ed.) Tree Flora of Malaya, pp. 383425. Kuala Lumpur: Longman Malaysia SDN. Berhad.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1953). The genera Scaphium Schott & Endl. and Hildegardia Schott & Endl. (Sterculiaceae). Journal of Science Research Indonesia 2(1): 1323.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1956). The genus Firmiana Marsili (Sterculiaceae). Communication of the Forest Research Institute, Indonesia 54: 333.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1957). The genus Firmiana Marsili (Sterculiaceae). Reinwardtia 4(2): 281310.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1959a). A monograph of the genus Heritiera Aiton (Sterculiaceae) (including Argyrodendron F.v.M. and Tarrietia Bl.). Reinwardtia 4(4): 465583.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1959b). A monograph of the genus Heritiera Dry. (Sterculiaceae) (including Argyrodendron F. v. M. and Tarrietia Bl.). Penerbitan, Madjelis Ilmu Pengetahutan Indonesia 1: 465583.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1965). Miscellaneous botanical notes 5. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7(1–4): 128131.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1966). A monograph of Aglaia, sect Lansium Kosterm. (Meliaceae). Reinwardtia 7(3): 221282.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1969). New and critical Malesian plants 8. Reinwardtia 7(5): 433449.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1973). Some new taxa. Bot. Tidsskr. 68: 317323.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1988a). A note on Franciscodendron Hyland & Steenis (Sterculiaceae). Reinwardtia 10: 475.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1988b). Novelties in Heritiera Dry. and Scaphium Schott & Endl. (Sterculiaceae). Reinwardtia 10: 477478.Google Scholar
Kostermans, A. J. G. H., Polman, J. E., Sudo, S. & Lemmens, R. H. M. J. (1994). Scaphium. In: Soerianegara, I. & Lemmens, R. H. M. J. (eds) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Timber Trees: Commercial timbers 5(1): 379384. Bogor: PROSEA.Google Scholar
Masters, M. T. (1868). Sterculiaceae. In: Oliver, D. (ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa, pp. 214239. London: L. Reeve and Co.Google Scholar
Masters, M. T. (1874). Sterculiaceae. In: Hooker, J. D. (ed.) Flora of British India, pp. 353379. London: L. Reeve and Co.Google Scholar
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold, K. et al. . (eds) (2006). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag KG [Regnum Veg. vol. 146].Google Scholar
Medway, L. (1972). Phenology of a tropical rain forest in Malaya. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 4: 117146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrill, E. D. (1929). Plantae elmerianae borneenses. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 1316.Google Scholar
Moore, P. D., Webb, J. A. & Collinson, M. E. (1991). Pollen Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Phengklai, C. (2001). Sterculiaceae. In: Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds) Flora of Thailand 7(3): 539654. Bangkok: Prachachon Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Phonsena, P. & Wilkie, P. (2008). Scaphium affine (Mast.) Pierre (Sterculiaceae) new for Thailand. Thai. For. Bull. (Bot.) 36: 6169.Google Scholar
Pierre, L. (1889). Flore Forestiere de la Cochinchine (Fasc. 13): 195208.Google Scholar
Radford, A. E., Dickison, W. C., Massey, J. R. & Ritchie Bell, C. (1974). Vascular Plant Systematics. London: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Richards, P. W. (1996). The Tropical Rain Forests: An Ecological Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ridley, H. N. (1916). New and rare Malayan plants. Series VIII. J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 73: 139146.Google Scholar
Ridley, H. N. (1922). Flora of the Malay Peninsula 1. London: L. Reeve and Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robyns, A. (1964). Flora of Panama. Family 117. Sterculiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 51: 69107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schott, H. W. & Endlicher, S. F. L. (1832). Meletemata Botanica. Vienna: Caroli Gerold.Google Scholar
Schumann, K. (1890). Sterculiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3(6): 6996. Leipzig: Engelmann.Google Scholar
Schumann, K. (1893). Sterculiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3(6): 9799. Leipzig: Engelmann.Google Scholar
Schumann, K. (1900). Sterculiaceae africanae. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzen-familien und-Gattungen, pp. 1140. Leipzig: Engelmann.Google Scholar
Smythies, B. E. (1965). Common Sarawak Trees. Kuching: Borneo Literature Bureau.Google Scholar
Takhtajan, A. L. (1997). Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Tantra, I. G. M. (1976). A revision of the genus Sterculia L. in Malesia (Repisi marga Sterculia L. di Malesia) (Sterculiaceae). Communication Lembaga Penelitian Hutan 102: 1194.Google Scholar
Taroda, N. (1984). A revision of the Brazilian species of Sterculia L. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 42(1): 121149.Google Scholar
Taylor, E. L. (1989). Systematic studies in the tribe Sterculieae: A taxonomic revision of the neotropical species of SterculiaL. (Sterculiaceae). Unpublished PhD thesis, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Wilkie, P. (1997). Sterculiaceae. In: Argent, G., Saridan, A., Campbell, E. J. F. & Wilkie, P. (eds) Manual of the Larger and More Important Non Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, pp. 605615. Samarinda: Forestry Research Institute Indonesia.Google Scholar
Wilkie, P. (2007). Systematic studies in South East Asian Malvaceae, Subfamily Sterculioideae. PhD thesis, Aberdeen University.Google Scholar
Wilkie, P., Clark, A., Pennington, R. T., Cheek, M., Bayer, C. & Wilcock, C. C. (2006). Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily Sterculioideae (Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae-Sterculieae) using the chloroplast gene ndhF. Syst. Bot. 31(1): 160170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wong, T. M. (2002). A Dictionary of Malaysian Timbers (revised by S. C. Lim & R. C. K. Chung). Malayan Forest Records No. 30. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.Google Scholar
Wyatt-Smith, J. & Kochummen, K. M. (1964). Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia.Google Scholar