Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:31:48.174Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

VACCINIUM ON THE EDGE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2010

S. P. Vander Kloet  and
T. S. Avery
S. P. Vander Kloet
Affiliation:
Acadia University, Biology Department, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada.
T. S. Avery
Affiliation:
Acadia University, Biology Department, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada. Author for correspondence. E-mail: trevor.avery@acadiau.ca
Get access

Abstract

Variation among 19 phenological features taken from 48 species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae), both in vivo and in vitro as well as from existing literature, were subjected to several clustering strategies. Our results suggest three distinct phenological clusters that reflect the ability of these taxa to tolerate frost, namely a ‘Tropical’ group of 16 taxa which tolerate no or very little frost; a ‘Temperate’ group whose 17 members tolerate some frost; and finally a ‘Boreal-Arctic’ group whose 15 taxa are winter hardy.

Keywords

ArcticborealEricaceaefrostlife historyphenologytropicalVaccinium
Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 67 , Issue 1 , March 2010 , pp. 7 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alsos, I. G. (2003). Conservation biology of the most thermophilous plant species in the Arctic: Genetic variations, recruitment and phylogeography in a changing climate. PhD thesis, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.Google Scholar
Baily, J. S. (1949). Frost injury to blueberries. Fruit Varieties and Horticulture Digest 4: 98.Google Scholar
Baker, P. C. (1970). A systematic study of the genus Vaccinium L., subgenus Polycodium (Raf.) Sleumer, in the southeastern United States. PhD thesis, Department of Botany, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Bliss, L. C. (1966). Plant productivity in Alpine micro-environments on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Ecol. Monogr. 36: 125–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivar. Behav. Res. 1: 245–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chabot, B. F. & Hicks, D. J. (1982). The ecology of leaf life spans. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13: 229–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeland, H. F. (1926). Philippine Ericaceae II: the species of Vaccinium. Philipp. J. Sci. 30: 153–186.Google Scholar
Cox, T. F. & Cox, M. A. A. (2001). Multidimensional Scaling, 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.Google Scholar
Croizat, L. (1952). Manual of Phytogeography: An Account of Plant-Dispersal Throughout the World. The Hague: W. Junk.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crouch, P. A. & Vander Kloet, S. P. (1980). Variation in seed characters in populations of Vaccinium and Cyanococcus (the blueberries) in relation to latitude. Canad. J. Bot. 48: 84–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darrow, G. M. (1942). Rest period requirements of blueberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38: 438–440.Google Scholar
Doctors van Leeuwen, W. M. (1933). Biology of Plants and Animals occurring in the Higher Parts of Mount Pangrango-Gedeh in West-Java. Amsterdam: N.V. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers-Maatschappy.Google Scholar
Eck, P. (1988). Blueberry Science. New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Fang, R. (1986). Studies on Chinese Vaccinium. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8: 239–258.Google Scholar
Flower-Ellis, J. G. K. (1971). Age structure and dynamics in stands of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). Avdelningen för Skogsekologi Nr. 9, Rapporter och Uppsatser. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Foster, D. R. & Glaser, P. H. (1986). The raised bogs of south-eastern Labrador, Canada: Classification, distribution, vegetation and recent dynamics. J. Ecol. 74: 47–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Good, R. (1947). The Geography of Flowering Plants. London: Longman, Green and Co.Google Scholar
Gower, J. C. (1966). Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 53: 325–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gower, J. C. (1971). A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties. Biometrics 27: 857–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grime, J. P. (1979). Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Hill, N. M. & Vander Kloet, S. P. (2005). Longevity of experimentally buried seed in Vaccinium: relationships to climate, reproductive factors and natural seed banks. J. Ecol. 93: 1167–1176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. (1983). Costa Rican Natural History. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolliffe, I. T. (1972). Discarding variables in a principal component analysis, I: Artificial data. Appl. Statistics 21: 160–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonasson, S. (1981). Plant communities and species distributions of low alpine Betula nana heaths in northernmost Sweden. Plant Ecol. 44: 51–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 20: 141–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klotzsch, J. F. (1851). Studien über die natürliche Klasse Bicornes. Linnaea 24: 1–85.Google Scholar
Kron, K. A., Powell, E. A. & Luteyn, J. L. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on placement of Satyria. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 327–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Legendre, L. & Legendre, P. (1998). Numerical Ecology, 2nd edition. New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1737). Flora lapponica. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Lipp, C. C., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F. C. & Niemczura, W. (1994). Freezing tolerance and avoidance in high-elevation Hawaiian plants. Plant Cell Environ. 17: 1035–1044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mächler, M. (2009). Cluster: Cluster Analysis Extended Rousseeuw et al. Version 1.12.0.Google Scholar
Menges, E. S. & Kohfeldt, N. (1995). Life history strategies of Florida scrub plants in relation to fire. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122: 282–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahoro, S. (2002). Individual flowering schedule, fruit set, and flower and seed predation in Vaccinium hirtum Thunb. (Ericaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 80: 82–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, M. J. (1999). Conservation strategies for Vaccinium cylindraceum Sm., an Azorean endemic species. PhD thesis, Universidade dos Acores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.Google Scholar
Polunin, N. (1960). Introduction to Plant Geography and Some Related Sciences. London: Longman.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, E. A. & Kron, K. A. (2002). Hawaiian blueberries and their relatives – a phylogenetic analysis of Vaccinium sections Macropelma, Myrtillus, and Hemimyrtillus (Ericaceae). Syst. Bot. 27: 768–779.Google Scholar
R DevelopmentCoreTeam (2005). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.orgGoogle Scholar
Reader, R. J. (1979). Flower cold hardiness: a potential determinant of the flowering sequence exhibited by bog ericads. Canad. J. Bot. 57: 997–999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regel, C. (1935). Die Reliktvereine in der Arktis. Cohn's Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 23: 2.Google Scholar
Ritchie, J. C. (1955). Biological flora of the British isles, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. J. Ecol. 43: 701–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, D. W. (2009). Ordination and multivariate analysis for ecology. Version 1.3-1. R package ‘labdsv’.Google Scholar
Skottsberg, C. (1933). Vaccinium cereum (L.) Forster and related species. Acta. Hort. Gothob. 8: 83–102.Google Scholar
Sleumer, H. (1941). Vaccinoideen Studien. Bot. Jahrb. 71: 375–510.Google Scholar
Steenis, C. G. G. J. van (1940). Ecotypic variation in various taxa in volcanic rims in W. Java. Trop. Natuur. 24: 142–158.Google Scholar
Stevens, P. F. (1969). Taxonomic studies in the Ericaceae. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.Google Scholar
Stiles, E. W. (2000). Animals as seed dispersers. In: Fenner, M. (ed.) Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, 2nd edition, pp. 87–104. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Takhtajan, A. (1986). Floristic Regions of the World. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tanner, E. V. J. (1977). Four montane rain forests of Jamaica: a quantitative characterization of the floristics, the soils and the foliar mineral levels, and a discussion of the interrelations. J. Ecol. 65: 883–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanner, E. V. J. (1985). Jamaican montane forests: nutrient capital and cost of growth. J. Ecol. 73: 553–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1976). A comparison of the dispersal and seedling establishment of Vaccinium angustifolium (the lowbush blueberry) in Leeds County, Ontario, and Pictou County, Nova Scotia. Canad. Field Nat. 90: 176–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1977a). The taxonomic status of Vaccinium boreale. Canad. J. Bot. 55: 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1977b). Potential and actual gene exchange among three sympatric species of Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus in Highlands County, Florida. Canad. J. Bot. 55: 2668–2672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1978). The taxonomic status of Vaccinium pallidum, the hillside blueberries, including Vaccinium vacillans. Canad. J. Bot. 56: 1559–1574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1980). The taxonomy of the highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum. Canad. J. Bot. 58: 1187–1201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1983a). Taxonomy of Vaccinium section Oxycoccus: A summation. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 256–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1983b). Seed and seedling characters in Vaccinium section Myrtillus. Nat. Can. 110: 285–292.Google Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1988). The genus Vaccinium in North America. Agriculture Canada publication 1828. Ottawa, ON.Google Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1993). Biosystematic studies of Vaccinium section Macropelma (Ericaceae) in Hawaii. Pac. Sci. 47(1): 76–85.Google Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (1996). Taxonomy of Vaccinium sect. Macropelma (Ericaceae). Syst. Bot. 21: 355–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (2002). Re-examination of Vaccinium dialypetalum (Ericaceae). Gard. Bull. Singapore 54: 179–183.Google Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. (2004). Vaccinia gloriosa. Small Fruits Review 3: 221–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. & Dickinson, T. A. (1992). The taxonomy of Vaccinium section Hemimyrtillus. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 107: 601–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. & Dickinson, T. A. (2005). RAPD typification: phenetic analysis of Vaccinium inflorescences. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 148: 445–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. & Dickinson, T. A. (2009). A subgeneric classification of the genus Vaccinium and the metamorphosis of V. section Bracteata Nakai: more terrestrial and less epiphytic in habit; more continental and less insular in distribution. J. Plant Res. 122: 253–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vander Kloet, S. P. & Hall, I. V. (1981). The biological flora. 2. Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx., Velvet-leaf blueberry. Canad. Field Nat. 95(3): 329–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. & Hill, N. M. (1994). The paradox of berry production in temperate species of Vaccinium. Canad. J. Bot. 72: 52–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. & Hill, N. M. (2000). Bacco quo vadis: regeneration niche differences among seven sympatric Vaccinium species on headlands of Newfoundland. Seed Sci. Res. 10: 89–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vander Kloet, S. P. & McRae, K. B. (1998). Winter-hardiness trials of Vaccinium corymbosum in Nova Scotia. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 78: 467–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, S. M. (1961). The shaping of angiosperm taxonomy. New Phytologist 60: 74–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warming, E. (1909). Oecology of Plants. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wulff, E. V. (1943). (An Introduction to) Historical Plant Geography. Waltham, MA: Chronica Botanica Co.Google Scholar
Zobel, D. B. & Antos, J. A. (1986). Survival of prolonged burial by subalpine forest understory plants. Amer. Midl. Nat. 115: 282–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar