Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:26:50.352Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

What resources matter to young people: The relationship between resources and coping style

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2015

Vicki McKenzie*
Affiliation:
The University of Melbourne
Erica Frydenberg
Affiliation:
The University of Melbourne
Charles Poole
Affiliation:
The University of Melbourne
*
University of Melbourne, Learning and Educational Development, 234 Queensberry St., Carlton, 3054, Victoria, Australia, Phone: 613 8344 0984, E-mail: v.mckenzie@unimelb.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

A modified version of the conservation of Resources Evaluation (CORE) developed to measure adult resources to cope with stress was applied to young people. In this exploration of the relationship between the resources identified by young people and their coping styles, a sample of 172 secondary students completed the modified version of the Conservation of Resources Evaluation (CORE) and the long version of the Adolescent Coping Scale, focussed on a specific concern (ACS). The modified instrument was validated in the study, and a relationship was found between the degree to which students held the resources under consideration and the coping styles they used. Young people high in resources tended to use productive ACS strategies, while those young people with fewer resources report using fewer and more nonproductive ACS strategies. A resources approach to young people's adaptation to their circumstances has educational and therapeutic implications.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Australian Psychological Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Australian Health Promoting Schools Association (AHPSA). (2000). A national framework for health promoting schools (2000–2003). Sydney: Australian Health Promoting Schools Association.Google Scholar
Bailey, F.J., & Dua, J. (1999). Individualism-collectivism, coping styles, and stress in international and Anglo-Australian students: A comparative study. Australian Psychologist, 34(3), 177182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandon, C.M., Cunningham, E.G., & Frydenberg, E. (1999). Bright Ideas: A school-based program teaching optimistic thinking skills in preadoles-cence. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 9(1), 147157.Google Scholar
Bugalski, K., & Frydenberg, E. (2000). Promoting effective coping in adolescents “at risk” for depression. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 10(1), 111132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, H., Godfrey, C., Glover, S., Bond, L., & Patton, G. (2000, April). The Gatehouse Project: What do students’ perceptions of school tell us about our methods of reform? Australian Guidance and Counselling Association Newsletter, 1, 1519.Google Scholar
Christenson, S.L., Sinclair, M.F., Thurlow, M.L., & Evelo, D. (1999). Promoting student engagement with school using the check and connect model. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 9(1), 169184.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care (CDHAC). (2000). National action plan for promotion, prevention, and early intervention for Mental Health 2000. Canberra: Publications Production Unit, Mental Health and Special Programs Branch, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care.Google Scholar
Coyne, J.C., & Racioppo, M.W. (2000). Never the twain shall meet? Closing the gap between coping research and clinical intervention research. American Psychologist, 55(6), 655664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronkite, R.C., Moos, R.H., Twohey, R.H., Cohen, C., & Swindle, R. Jnr., (1998). Life circumstances and personal resources as predictors of the ten-year course of depression. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(2), 255280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, E.G., & Walker, G. (1999). Screening for at-risk youth: Predicting adolescent depression from coping styles. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 9(1), 3746.Google Scholar
D’Imperio, R.L., Dubow, E.F. & Ippolito, M.F. (2000). Resilient and stress-affected adolescents in an urban setting. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(1), 129142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorian, B. & Garfinkel, P.E. (1987). Stress, immunity and illness-A review. Psychological Medicine, 17(2), 393407.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dumont, M., & Provost, M.A. (1999). Resilience in adolescents: Protective role of social support, coping strategies, self-esteem, and social activities on experience of stress and depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(3), 343364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckersley, R. (1998). Rising psychosocial problems among young people. Family Matters, 50, 5052.Google Scholar
Ennis, N.E., Hobfoll, S.E., & Schroder, K.E.E. (2000). Money doesn’t talk, it swears: How economic stress and resistance resources impact inner-city women’s depressive mood, American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(2), 149173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fanshawe, J., & Burnett, P. (1998). School-related stressors in adolescents. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 8(1), 18.Google Scholar
Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J.T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647654.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frydenberg, E. (1997). Adolescent coping: Theoretical and research perspectives. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Frydenberg, E. (Ed.). (1999). Learning to cope: Developing as a person in complex societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1990). How adolescents cope with different concerns: The development of the adolescent coping checklist (ACC). Psychological Test Bulletin, 3(2), 6373.Google Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1993a). The Adolescent Coping Scale Administrator’s Manual. Melbourne: ACER.Google Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1993b). Boys play sport and girls turn to others: Age, gender, and ethnicity as determinants of coping. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 252266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1994). Coping with different concerns: Consistency and variation in coping strategies used by adolescents. Australian Psychologist. 29, 4548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1996a). A replication study of the structure of the Adolescent Coping Scale: Multiple forms and applications of a self-report inventory in a counselling and research context. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 12(3), 224235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1996b). The coping strategies used by adolescents in intact and in separated families. Australian Journal of Counselling and Guidance, 6(1), 8797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1999a). Things don’t get better just because you’re older: A case for facilitating reflection. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, 8194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1999b). Academic and general well-being: The relationship with coping. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 9(1), 118.Google Scholar
Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (2000). Teaching coping to adolescents: When and to whom. American Educational Research Journal. 37, 727745.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frydenberg, E., Lewis, R., Ardila, R., Cairns, E., & Kennedy, G. (2001). Adolescent concern with social issues: An exploratory comparison between Australian, Colombian, and Northern Irish students Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 7(1), 5976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, A., McGraw, K., & Goodyear, M. (1999). Bungy jumping through life: What young people say promotes well-being and resilience. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 9(1), 159168.Google Scholar
Griffith, M.A., Dubow, E.F., & Ippolito, M.F. (2000). Developmental and cross-situational differences in adolescents’ coping strategies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(2), 183204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helsen, M., Vollebergh, W, & Meeus, W. (2000). Social support from parents and friends and emotional problems in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(3), 319–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E. (1988). The ecology of stress. New York: Hemisphere.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E. (1989). Conservation of resources, a new attempt at conceptu-alising stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S.E. (1991). Traumatic stress: A theory based on rapid loss of resources. Anxiety Research, 4, 187197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E. (1998a). Ecology, community, and AIDS Prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(1), 133145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S.E. (1998b). Stress, culture, and community. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E. (2000). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., Ritter, C, & Shoham, S.B. (1991). Women’s satisfaction with social support and their receipt of aid. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61 (2), 332341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., & Lilly, S. (1993). Resource conservation as a strategy for community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 128148.3.0.CO;2-5>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., Dunahoo, C.L., Ben-Porath, Y, & Monnier, J. (1994a). Gender and coping: The dual-axis model of coping. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22(1), 4982.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobfoll, S.E., & Freedy, J.R. (1994b). Stress inoculation for reduction of burnout: A conservation of resources approach. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 6, 311325.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., Dunahoo, C.L., & Monnier, J. (1995a). Conservation of resources and traumatic stress. In Freedy, J.R. & Hobfoll, S.E. (Eds.), Traumatic stress: From theory to practice (pp. 2947). New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., & de Vries, M.W. (Eds.). (1995b). Extreme stress and communities: Impact and intervention. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., Freedy, J.R., Green, B.L., & Solomon, S.D. (1996a). Coping in reaction to extreme stress: The roles of resource loss and resource availability. In Zeidner, M. & Endler, N.S. (Eds.), Handbook of coping (pp. 322349). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S.E., Schwarzer, R., & Chon, K.-K. (1996b). Disentangling the stress labyrinth: Interpreting the meaning of the term stress as it is studied. Japanese Health Psychology, 4, 122.Google Scholar
Laible, D.J., Carlo, G., & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The differential relations of parent and peer attachment to adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29 1), 4559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, C, & Hobfoll, S.E. (1992). How loss affects anger and alienates potential supporters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 935942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R.S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R.S. (2000). Toward better research on stress and coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 665673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Leventhal, T., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2000). The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes. Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 309337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsey, E.W., Kurtz, D., Jarvis, S., Williams, N.R. & Nackerud, L. (2000). How runaway and homeless youth navigate troubled waters: Personal strengths and resources. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17(2), 115140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lohman, B.J. & Jarvis, P.A. (2000). Adolescent stressors, coping strategies, and psychological health. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(1), 1543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magen, Z. (1998). Exploring adolescent happiness. California: Sage.Google Scholar
McKenzie, V.L. (2001). Young people and their resources. Unpublished masters thesis (Education). University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.Google Scholar
Monnier, J., Stone, B.K., Hobfoll, S.E. & Johnson, R.J. (1998). How antisocial and prosocial coping influence the support process among men and women in the U.S. Postal Service. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 39, 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, D.L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research. California: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natvig, G.K., Albrektsen, G., & Anderssen, N. (1999). School-related stress and psychosomatic symptoms among school adolescents. The Journal of School Health, 69(9), 362–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parsons, A., Frydenberg, E., & Poole, C. (1996). Overachievement and coping strategies in adolescent males. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 109114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, N. (2000, April). The development and application of the concept of resilience. Australian Guidance and Counselling Association Newsletter, 1, 814.Google Scholar
Prinz, B.L., Shermis, M.D., & Webb, P.M. (1999). Stress-buffering factors related to adolescent coping: a path analysis. Adolescence, 54(136), 715734.Google Scholar
Resnick, M.D., Bearman, P.S., Blum, R.W., Bauman, K.E., Harris, K.M., Jones, J., Tabor, J., Beuhring, T., Sieving, M., Ireland, M., & Udry, J.R. (1997). Protecting adolescents from harm: findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(10), 823832.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richman, J.M., Rosenfeld, L.B. & Bowen, G.L. (1998). Social support for adolescents at risk of school failure. Social Work, 43 4), 309324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seligman, M.E., (1995). The optimistic child. Australia: Random House.Google Scholar
Shatte, A.J., Reivich, K., Gillham, J.E. & Seligman, M.E.P. (1999). Learned optimism in children. In Snyder, C.R. (Ed), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 165179). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shmotkin, D., Lomranz, J., Eyal, M., & Zemach, M. (1999). The contribution of personal resources to physical and mental health: Looking into age and gender effects. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 125(1), 526.Google ScholarPubMed
Shochet, I., & Osgarby, S. (1999). The Resourceful Adolescent Project: Building psychological resilience in adolescents and their parents. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 16(1), 4665.Google Scholar
Sim, H.-O. (2000). Relationship of daily hassles and social support to depression and antisocial behavior among early adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29(6), 647660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Somerfield, M.R., & McCrae, R.R. (2000). Stress and coping research: Methodological challenges, theoretical advances, and clinical applications. American Psychologist, 55(6), 620624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, C.R. & Dinoff, B.L. (1999). Coping. Where have you been? In Snyder, C.R. (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 316). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taris, T.W. (1999). The mutual effects between job resources and mental health: A prospective study among Dutch youth. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 125(4), 433450.Google ScholarPubMed
Turner, R.J. & Lloyd, D.A. (1999). The stress process and the social distribution of depression. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 40 (4), 374404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Beest, M. & Baerveldt, C. (1999). The relationship between adolescents’ social support from parents and from peers. Adolescence, 34(133), 193202.Google ScholarPubMed
Vandervoort, D. (1999). Quality of social support in mental and physical health. Current Psychology, 18(2), 205222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Victorian Suicide Prevention Task Force. (1997). Suicide prevention task force report. Melbourne: Victorian Government.Google Scholar
Wells, J.D., Hobfoll, S.E., & Lavin, J. (1999). When it rains, it pours: The greater impact of resource loss compared to gain on psychological distress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(9), 11721182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar