Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T01:12:36.437Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fitness effects of Alternaria dauci on wild carrot in The Netherlands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2002

Henk J. Schouten ,
Carin A.M. van Tongeren  and
Ruud W. van den Bulk
Henk J. Schouten
Affiliation:
Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Carin A.M. van Tongeren
Affiliation:
Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Ruud W. van den Bulk
Affiliation:
Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In a field experiment with a susceptible population of annual wild carrot (Daucus carota) from Iran, artificial inoculations with the fungal pathogen A. dauci led to a strong and very significant increase of the diseased leaf area. The pathogen caused a very significant decrease in fecundity and seed survival of the host. This considerable fitness reduction by A. dauci would suggest that introgression of disease resistance from cultivated (transgenic) carrot cultivars into wild carrot populations could strongly increase the fitness of wild carrot. In spite of the potential ability of A. dauci to lower the fitness of the host considerably, wild carrot is very common in The Netherlands. Disease levels of wild carrot were estimated in 26 natural populations in 1998. No A. dauci could be detected on the leaves, and only 0.4% of the seeds were contaminated with A. dauci, in spite of the conducive weather for A. dauci. Resistance tests showed that all 26 monitored populations were highly resistant to A. dauci strains from The Netherlands. It is probable that the strong potential fitness reduction by A. dauci led to a high selection pressure towards resistance in The Netherlands. In conclusion, our results suggest that transgenic resistance to A. dauci would not be beneficial to wild carrot populations in The Netherlands because they are already resistant to this pathogen.

Keywords

biosafetycarrot leaf blightDaucus carotafecundityfitnessnatural vegetationresistanceseed survivaltransgene
Type
Research Article
Information
Environmental Biosafety Research , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , October 2002 , pp. 39 - 47
Copyright
© ISBR, EDP Sciences, 2002

References

Bartsch, D, Lehnen, M, Clegg, J, Pohl-Orf, M, Schuphan, I, Ellstrand, NC (1999) Impact of gene flow from cultivated beet on genetic diversity of wild sea beet populations. Mol. Ecol. 8: 1733-1741 CrossRef
Boiteux, LS, Vecchia, PT, Reifschneider, FJB (1993) Heritability estimate for resistance to Alternaria dauci in carrot. Plant Breed. 110: 165-167 CrossRef
Crawley, MJ, Hails, RS, Rees, M, Kohn, D, Buxton, J (1993) Ecology of transgenic oilseed rape in natural habitats. Nature 363: 620-623 CrossRef
Ellstrand, NC, Prentice, HC, Hancock, JF (1999) Gene flow and introgression from domesticated plants into their wild relatives. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30: 539-563 CrossRef
Langenberg WJ, Sutton JC, Gillespie TJ (1977) Relation of weather variables and periodicities of airborne spores of Alternaria dauci. Phytopathology 67: 879-883
Linder, CR, Taha, I, Seiler, GJ, Snow, AA, Rieseberg, LH (1998) Long-term introgression of crop genes into wild sunflower populations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96: 339-347 CrossRef
Maude RB, Spencer A, Brocklehurst PA, Gott KA, Bambridge JM (1985) The biology and control of Alternaria dauci (leaf blight) on carrot seeds. 35th Ann. Rep. Nat. Veget. Res. Stat. 1985, 81
Mitich, LW (1985) Wild carrot (Daucus carota L.). Weed Technol. 10: 455-457
Parker, IM, Kareiva, P (1996) Assessing the risks of invasion for genetically engineered plants: acceptable evidence and reasonable doubt. Conserv. Biol. 78: 193-203 CrossRef
Schouten HJ (1999) Modelling effects of introgression of a resistance gene in a natural vegetation. In de Vries GE, ed, Past, present and future considerations in risk assessment when using GMOs. CCRO, Bilthoven, The Netherlands pp 107-112
Shaner, G, Finney, RE (1977) The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in Knox wheat. Phytopathology 67: 1051-1056 CrossRef
Strandberg JO (1977) Spore production and dispersal of Alternaria dauci. Phytopathology 67: 1262-1266
Strandberg JO, Bassett MJ, Peterson CE, Berger RD (1972) Sources of resistance to Alternaria dauci. HortScience 7: 345
Takaichi M, Oeda K (2000) Transgenic carrots with enhanced resistance against two major pathogens, Erysiphe heraclei and Alternaria dauci. Plant Sci. (Limerick) 153: 135-144
Wijnheijmer, EHM, Brandenburg, WA, Borg, SJ ter (1989) Interactions between wild and cultivated carrots (Daucus carota L.) in The Netherlands. Euphytica 40: 147-154 CrossRef