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Terrestrial protected areas do not fully shield their streams from exogenous stressors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2022

Victor Hugo dos Santos Mollmann ,
Sandro Santos ,
Gracieli Fernandes ,
Emerson Contreira Mossolin ,
Marcelo Marchet Dalosto ,
Sônia Maria Vaz Sanches Cardoso ,
Osmar Damian Prestes ,
Renato Zanella  and
Marlise Ladvocat Bartholomei-Santos Open the ORCID record for Marlise Ladvocat Bartholomei-Santos [Opens in a new window]
Victor Hugo dos Santos Mollmann
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Sandro Santos
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Gracieli Fernandes
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Emerson Contreira Mossolin
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Catalão (UFCAT), Catalão, GO, Brazil
Marcelo Marchet Dalosto
Affiliation:
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Campus Alegrete, RS, Brazil
Sônia Maria Vaz Sanches Cardoso
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Osmar Damian Prestes
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Renato Zanella
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Marlise Ladvocat Bartholomei-Santos*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Prof Dr Marlise Ladvocat Bartholomei-Santos, Email: marliselbs@gmail.com
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Summary

Protected areas (PAs) represent a powerful refuge for maintaining and safeguarding biodiversity. Generally, PAs are delineated to protect terrestrial taxa, providing incidental protection to the aquatic ecosystems within their borders. Here, we compare water quality within PAs and non-PAs in southern Brazil, encompassing remnants of the Atlantic Forest biome, to assess whether PAs serve as a buffer from external pressures for aquatic ecosystems within their boundaries. In addition to physicochemical and microbiological water parameters, we analysed 147 pesticide and 31 pharmaceutical compounds in water samples from 33 sites within and outside PAs. The water quality did not differ between PAs and non-PAs but indicated clear pollution from sewage discharges. We found 19 pesticides and five pharmaceuticals in streams within the study area. We detected pesticides in all sampling sites, with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid present in 91% of them. Our data show that PAs are insufficient means to mitigate the impacts stemming from their catchments, and the running water that reaches their domains already shows signs of anthropogenic interference, which may affect aquatic biodiversity. Protection and management measures require consideration of the whole watershed to protect freshwater habitats and biota.

Keywords

aquatic pollutioncontaminating pharmaceuticalsimpact of pesticidesphysicochemical parameterswastewater dischargewater quality
Type
Research Paper
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 49 , Issue 4 , December 2022 , pp. 215 - 224
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Foundation for Environmental Conservation

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