Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T22:03:50.522Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Age–sex distribution of various diseases with particular reference to toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

J. K. A. Beverley
Affiliation:
Division of Pathology, University of Sheffield
D. G. Fleck
Affiliation:
Public Health Laboratory, Tooting
W. Kwantes
Affiliation:
Public Health Laboratory, Swansea
G. B. Ludlam
Affiliation:
Public Health Laboratory, Leeds
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

An account is given of some human diseases which affect one sex more than the other.

An age–sex relationship has been noted among British patients with acquired toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. This is compared with the findings of other European workers.

A possible explanation is offered taking all these diseases into consideration together with some of the experimental work done in animals and some of the variations in immunological responses by man.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

References

REFERENCES

Baguley, D. M. & Glasgow, G. L. (1973). Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and Salk vaccine. Lancet ii, 763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bamler, H. & Schulthess, G. (1955). Die subakute Lympadenitis nuchalis et cervicalis 'Piringer-Kuchinka'. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, no. 44, 1070.Google Scholar
Bang, F. (1957). Réticulose médullaire focale, son importance pour le diagnostic de la toxoplasmose et de la lymphogranulomatose dans sa forme prolongée. Bulletin du Cancer 44, 60.Google Scholar
Barnes, E. W., MacCuish, A. C., Loudon, N. B., Jordan, J. & Irvine, W. J. (1974). Phytohaemagglutin-induced lymphocyte transformation and circulating autoantibodies in women taking oral contraceptives. Lancet i, 898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorvatin, B. & Wolontis, S. (1974). Mumps meningoencephalitis in Stockholm, November 1964–July 1971. III. Some epidemiological aspects. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 6, 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
British Medical Journal (1973 a). Epidemiology. Adenovirus type 7. iv, 498.Google Scholar
British Medical Journal (1973 b). Epidemiology. Acute viral hepatitis, iv, 746.Google Scholar
Bundey, S., Doniach, D. & Soothill, J. F. (1972). Immunological studies in patients with juvenile-onset myasthenia gravis and in their relatives. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 11, 321.Google ScholarPubMed
Bywaters, E. G. L. (1967). Categorization in medicine: a survey of Still's disease. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 26, 185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campesi, G. & LaFranca, S. (1965). Linfoadenopatia de toxoplasmosi acquisita. Rivista di Anatomia Patologica e di Oncologia 27, 791.Google Scholar
Connolly, J. H., Allen, I. V., Hurwitz, L. J. & Millar, J. H. D. (1967). Measles-virus antibody and antigen in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Lancet i, 542.Google Scholar
Copeman, W. S. C. (1964). Text Book of Rheumatic Disease, p. 176. Edinburgh: Livingstone.Google Scholar
Dacie, J. V. (1962). In The Haemolytic Anaemias, part ii, pp. 342, 349, 369. London: Churchill.Google Scholar
Dick, G. (1973). Register of cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. British Medical Journal iii, 359.Google Scholar
Dubois, E. L. (1966). Lupus Erythematosus (ed. Dubois, ), p. 137. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google ScholarPubMed
Epstein, J. H. & Tuffanelli, D. L. (1966). In Lupus Erythematosus (ed. Dubois, ), p. 114. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google ScholarPubMed
Feltkamp, T. E. W., van den Berg–Loonen, P. M., Nijenhuis, L. E., Engelfriet, C. P., van Rossum, A. L., van Loghem, J. J. & Oosterhuis, H. J. G. H. (1974). Myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies and HL-A antigens. British Medical Journal i, 131.Google Scholar
Fleck, D. G. (1965). Toxoplasmosis and Tristan da Cunha. Journal of Hygiene 63, 389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, C. L., Eyles, D. E., Coleman, N. & Smith, C. S. (1956). Serological response of a rural Negro population to the Sabin-Feldman cytoplasm-modifying test for toxoplasmosis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5, 772.Google Scholar
Goble, F. C. (1966). Pathogenesis of blood protozoa. In Biology of Parasites (ed. Soulsby, ), p. 247. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Godwin, J. D. & Remington, J. S. (1973). Prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma in a group of Ghanaians. Tropical and Geographical Medicine 25, 293.Google Scholar
Goel, K. M. & Shanks, R. A. (1974). Follow-up study of 100 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 33, 25.Google Scholar
Goudie, R. B., Macsween, R. N. M. & Goldberg, D. M. (1966). Serological and histological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Journal of Clinical Pathology 19, 527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, S. H. & Wirtschafter, J. D. (1973). Ophthalmoscopic findings in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 57, 780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grönroos, P. (1955). Studies on toxoplasma and the serology of toxoplasmosis. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae, p. 72. Suppl. no. 11 to vol. 33, 1113.Google ScholarPubMed
Gross, L. (1941). Influence of sex on the evolution of a transplantable mouse sarcoma. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 47, 273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, T. A. S. (1964). Histological classification and survival in Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 17, 1595.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauschka, T. S. (1947). Sex of host as factor in Chagas's disease. Journal of Parasitology 33, 399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, D. M., Hittle, R. E., Isaacs, H. & Karon, M. R. (1972). Laparotomy for the staging of Hodgkin's disease in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 7, 517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henry, L (1971). Partial involvement of the lymph node in Hodgkin's disease Clinical Radiology 22, 405.Google Scholar
Huldt, G. (1960). Acquired toxoplasmosis. In Human Toxoplasmosis (ed. Siim, ), p. 80. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Jabbour, J. T., Duenas, D. A., Sever, J. L., Kbebs, H. M. & Horta-Barbosa, L. (1972). Epidemiology of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Journal of the American Medical Association 220, 959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kane, L. W. & Enders, J. F. (1945). Immunity in mumps. III. Journal of Experimental Medicine 81, 137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, A. R., Kaplan, H. S., Lukes, R. J. & Rappaport, H. (1968). Correlation of histopathology with other prognostic indicators in Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 22, 487.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, F. (1965). Hodgkin's disease in children. American Journal of Roentgenology 95, 48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouba, K., Jira, J. & Hubner, J. (1974). In Toxoplasmóza, pp. 128. Praha: Avicenum/ Zdravotnické Nakladatelství.Google Scholar
Lelong, M., Bernard, J., Desmonts, G. & Couvreur, J. (1960). La toxoplasmose acquise. Archives Francoises de Pédiatrie 27, 1.Google Scholar
Lemaire, A., Derray, J., Blanchon, P. & You, Kim Yean (1965). Aspects ganglionnaires et sanguins de la toxoplasmose acquise de l'adulte. Bulletin Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris 116, 335.Google Scholar
Lennert, K. (1961). Lymphknoten – Cytologie und Lymphadenitis. In Handbuch speziellen pathologischen Anatomic und Histologie (ed. Lubarsch und Henke, ). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Lennert, K. (1969). Die derzeitige Häufigkeit der einzelnen Lymphknotenerkrankungen in Schleswig-Holstein. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift 94, 2194.Google Scholar
McDonald, R., Kipps, A. & Learg, P. M. (1974). Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in the Cape Province. South African Medical Journal 48, 7.Google Scholar
Miller, R. W. (1966). Mortality in childhood Hodgkin's disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 198, 1216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohr, W. & Fltedner, E. (1969). Klinische und diagnostische Probleme der Toxoplasmose. Monatschrift für Kinderheilkunde 117, 508.Google Scholar
Morgans, M. E. (1964). Hyperthyroidism. In The Thyroid Gland, Vol. 2 (ed. Pitt-Rivers, and Trotter, ), p. 152. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Nutt, A. B. & Beverley, J. K. A. (1963). Ocular toxoplasmosis. Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society of Australia 23, 35.Google Scholar
Pettay, O., Donner, M., Halonen, H., Paluso, T. & Salmi, A. (1971). Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: preceding intellectual deterioration and deviant measles serology. Journal of Infectious Diseases 124, 439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petty, R. E. & Steward, M. W. (1972). Relative affinity of antiprotein antibodies in New Zealand mice. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 12, 343.Google Scholar
Piguet, H., Chbistol, D., Bilski-Pasquieb, G., Bouser, J. (1966). La toxoplasmose ganglionnaire acquise de l'adulte. La Semaine des Hôpitaux de Paris (Archives de Biologie Médicale) 42, 1251.Google Scholar
Piringer-Kuchinka, A. (1952). Eigenartige mikroscopische Befunde an excidierten Lymphknoten. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pathologie 36, 352.Google Scholar
Piringer-Kuchinka, A., Martin, I. & Thalhammer, O. (1958). Über die vorzüglich cerviconuchale Lymphadenitis mit kleinherdiger Epithelioidzellwucherung. Virchows Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin 331, 522.Google Scholar
Potter, C. W. & Zachaby, R. B. (1964). The etiology of intussusception. In The Surgical Clinics of North America (ed. Swenson, ), pp. 1509–20. London: Saunders.Google Scholar
Prosnitz, L. R., Nuland, S. B. & Rligebman, M. H. (1972). Role of laparotomy and splenectomy in the management of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 29, 44.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Purtillo, D. T., Hallgren, H. M. & Yunis, E. J. (1972). Depressed maternal lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in human pregnancy. Lancet i, 769.Google Scholar
Remington, J. S., Efron, B., Cavanagh, E., Simon, H. J. & Trejos, A. (1970). Studies on toxoplasmosis in El Salvador. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 64, 252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, F. & Piekabski, G. (1959). Über die Lymphknoten-Toxoplasmose der Erwachsenen. Virchows Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin 332, 181.Google Scholar
Rubin, E., Schaffner, F. & Popper, H. (1965). Primary biliary cirrhosis: chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis. American Journal of Pathology 46, 387.Google ScholarPubMed
Sabin, A. B. & Feldman, H. A. (1948). Dyes as microchemical indicators of a new immunity phenomenon affecting a protozoan parasite (toxoplasma). Science, New York 108, 660.Google Scholar
Sacks, M. S., Wobkman, J. B. & Jahn, E. F. (1952). Diagnosis and treatment of acquired haemolytic anaemia. Journal of the American Medical Association 150, 1556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
StHill, C. A., Finn, R. & Denye, V. (1973). Depression of cellular immunity in pregnancy due to a serum factor. British Medical Journal iii, 513.Google Scholar
Saxén, E. & Saxen, L. (1959). The histological diagnosis of glandular toxoplasmosis. Laboratory Investigation 8, 386.Google Scholar
Saxén, L., Saxen, E. & Tenhunen, A. (1962). The significance of histological diagnosis in glandular toxoplasmosis. Acta pathologica et microbiologica scandinavica 56, 284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siim, J. C. (1951). Acquired toxoplasmosis. Report of seven cases with strongly positive serologic reactions. Journal of the American Medical Association 147, 1641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siim, J. C. (1955). Aetiological investigations in acquired toxoplasmosis with lymphadenopathy in children and adults. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 48, 1067.Google ScholarPubMed
Siim, J. C. (1956). Toxoplasmosis acquisita lymphonodosa: clinical and pathological aspects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 64, 185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, J. G., Gbay, E. S. & Beck, J. S. (1975). Age involution in the normal human adult thymus. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 19, 261.Google Scholar
Skillern, P. G. (1964). Thyroiditis. In The Thyroid Gland (ed. Pitt-Rivers, and Trotter, ), p. 135. London: Butterworth.Google Scholar
Tenhunen, A. (1964). Glandular toxoplasmosis: occurrence of the disease in Finland. Acta pathologica et microbiologica scandinavica, suppt. no. 172.Google Scholar
Walker, J. G., Doniach, D., Roitt, I. M. & Sherlock, S. (1965). Serological tests in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet i, 827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yomsr, D. S., Fuuk, C. A. & Gbace, J. T. (1968). Sex-related resistance in hamsters to adenovirus-12 oncogenesis. Journal of Immunology 100, 771.Google Scholar
Yohn, D. S., Funk, C. A., Kalnins, V. I. & Grace, J. T. (1965). Sex-related resistance in hamsters to adenovirus-12 oncogenesis. Influence of thymectomy at three weeks of age. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 35, 617.Google Scholar