Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T02:02:29.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An investigation of possible routes of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus (Neethling)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

V. M. Carn  and
R. P. Kitching
V. M. Carn
Affiliation:
Division of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Pirbright, Waking, Surrey GU24 0NF
R. P. Kitching
Affiliation:
Division of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Pirbright, Waking, Surrey GU24 0NF
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

British cattle were infected with the South African (Neethling) strain of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and their clinical signs monitored over a 3-week period. Different routes of infection were assessed for effect on the clinical characteristics of the disease by using a clinical scoring system. Neither of 2 animals inoculated onto the conjunctival sac showed clinical signs or seroconverted. The intradermal route produced local lesions in 21 of 25 animals, and generalized infection in 4. In contrast the intravenous route produced generalized lesions in 8 of 11 animals. Seven uninfected animals were housed in contact with infected animals for 1 month. None developed clinical signs or produced detectable serum neutralizing antibodies. Six of seven of these animals were then challenged and were fully susceptible to infection. The results suggest that the transmission of LSDV between animals by contagion is extremely inefficient, and that parenteral inoculation of virus is required to establish infection. The high proportion of animals with generalized disease following intravenous inoculation implies that naturally occurring cases of generalized LSD may follow spread by intravenously feeding arthropods.

Type
Special Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 114 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 219 - 226
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

References

REFERENCES

1.Macdonald, RAS. Pseudo-urticaria of cattle. In: Government of Northern Rhodesia Dept, of Animal Health Annual Report for the year 1930 (published 1931): 20–1.Google Scholar
2.Davies, FG. Lumpy skin disease of cattle: a growing problem in Africa and the Near East. World Animal Review 1991: 68: 37–42.Google Scholar
3.Carn, VM. Control of capripoxvirus infections. Vaccine 1993; 11: 1275–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Diesel, AM. The epizootiology of lumpy skin disease in South Africa. Report of the 14th International Veterinary Congress. London, 1949, vol. 2: 492–500.Google Scholar
5.Thomas, AD, Maré, CYE. Knopvelsiekte. Amer J Vet Med Ass 1945; 16: 36–43.Google Scholar
6.Henning, MW. Animal diseases in South Africa, 3rd edn.Cape Town, Central News Agency, 1956.Google Scholar
7.Alexander, RA. Personal communication cited by Diesel, 1949 [4].Google Scholar
8.Macowan, KDS. Observations on the epizootiology of lumpy skin disease during the first year of its occurrence in Kenya. Bull Epiz Dis Afr 1959; 7: 7–20.Google Scholar
9.Ali, BH, Obeid, HM. Investigation of the first outbreaks of lumpy skin disease in the Sudan. Br Vet J 1977; 133: 184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Nawathe, DR, Asagba, MO, Abegunde, A, Ajayi, SA, Durkwa, L. Some observations on the occurrence of lumpy skin disease in Nigeria. Zbl Vet Med B 1982; 29: 31–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Kondela, AJ, Centres, HM, Nyange, JFG, Mbise, AN. Lumpy skin disease epidemic in Kilimanjaro region. Proceedings of the Tanzanian Vet Ass Scientific Conference 1984; 2: 110–25.Google Scholar
12.Brody, AL. The transmission of fowl-pox. Cornell Univ Agric Exp Station Mem 1936: 195.Google Scholar
13.Fenner, F, Day, MF, Woodroofe, GM. The mechanism of the transmission of myxomatosis in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cunifulus) by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1952; 30: 139–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Tripathy, DW, Hanson, LE, Crandell, RA. In: Kurstak, E, Kurstak, C, eds. Comparative diagnosis of virus diseases, vol. 3. London: Academic Press, 1981: 267–346.Google Scholar
15.Kilham, L, Dalmat, HT. Host-virus-mosquito relations to Shope fribromas in cotton tail rabbits. Am J Hyg 1955: 61: 45–54.Google Scholar
16.Kitching, RP, Mellor, PS. Insect transmission of capripoxvirus. Res Vet Sci 1986; 40: 255–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Kitching, RP, Taylor, WP. Transmission of capripoxvirus. Res Vet Sci 1985; 39: 196–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Weiss, KE. 1959. Unpublished observations cited by Weiss, 1963, in Lumpy skin disease. In: Emerging diseases of animals. FAO Agricultural Studies; 61: 179–201, FAO, Rome; 1963.Google Scholar
19.Haig, DA. Lumpy skin disease. Bull Epiz Dis Afr 1957; 5: 421–30.Google Scholar
20.Kitching, RP, Bhat, PP, Black, DN. The characterization of African strains of capripoxvirus. Epidemiol Infect 1989: 102: 335–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Plowright, W, Ferris, RD. The growth and cytopathogenicity of sheep-pox virus in tissue cultures. Br J Exp Path 1958: 39: 424–35.Google Scholar
22.Karber, G. Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihenversuche. Arch Exp Path Pharmak 1931: 162: 480–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Precausta, P, Kato, F, Vellut, G. A new freeze-dried living virus vaccine against sheep-pox. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis 1979: 1: 305–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Cam, VM, Kitching, RP, Hammond, JM, Chand, P, Anderson, J, Black, DN. Use of a recombinant antigen in an indirect ELISA for detecting bovine antibody to capripoxvirus. J Virol Meth 1994. In press.Google Scholar
25.Carn, VM. The experimental transmission and diagnosis of lumpy skin disease (Neethling). PhD thesis. University of Reading, 1994.Google Scholar
26.Braverman, Y, Yeruham, I, Davidson, M. Retrospective study on the epidemiology of the first lumpy skin disease outbreak in Israel in 1989. IXth International Congress of Virology. Glasgow, Scotland. 8–1308 1993: abstracts.Google Scholar
27.Pont, AC. Muscidae. In: Crosskey, RW et al. , ed. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 1980.Google Scholar
28.Du, Toit, Weiss, KE. Unpublished results, 1960. Cited by Weiss, 1968 in: Lumpy skin disease virus. Virology monographs 3: 111–31.Google Scholar
29.Webb, G. Studies on the mechanical transmission of animal viruses by biting flies. PhD thesis, Council of National Academic Awards, UK, 1990.Google Scholar
30.Rao, AR, Jacob, ES, Kamala, Kshi S, Appaswamy, S. Bradbury. Epidemiological studies in smallpox. A study of intrafamilial transmission in a series of 254 infected families. Indian J Med Res 1968; 56: 1826–54.Google Scholar