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The occurrence of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) in European pigs from 1990 to 2001

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2005

H. MAURICE ,
M. NIELEN ,
E. BROCCHI ,
N. NOWOTNY ,
L. BAKKALI KASSIMI ,
C. BILLINIS ,
P. LOUKAIDES ,
R. S. O'HARA  and
F. KOENEN
H. MAURICE
Affiliation:
Department of Social Sciences, Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
M. NIELEN
Affiliation:
Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
E. BROCCHI
Affiliation:
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
N. NOWOTNY
Affiliation:
Zoonoses and Emerging Infections Group, Clinical Virology, Clinical Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
L. BAKKALI KASSIMI
Affiliation:
UMR 1161, unité VBE, AFSSA/Lerpaz, Maisons-Alfort, France
C. BILLINIS
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
P. LOUKAIDES
Affiliation:
Central Veterinary Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus
R. S. O'HARA
Affiliation:
Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
F. KOENEN
Affiliation:
Section of Epizootic Diseases, Department of Virology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Ukkel, Belgium
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Abstract

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The occurrence of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) among domestic pigs and wild boar in several European countries is described and discussed. From 1990 to 2001 clinical outbreaks were analysed and serum samples, partly from existing screening programmes, were tested for antibodies against EMCV. Most clinical EMCV outbreaks were reported in Belgium (320), followed by Italy (110), Greece (15) and Cyprus (6). The outbreaks appeared to be clustered in ‘endemic areas’ with an increase in outbreaks during the autumn and winter months. The within-herd seroprevalence measured in clinically affected pig farms varied considerably among farms (2–87%), with age (0–84%) and by country. Data from farms with no clinical disease showed that subclinical infection with EMCV was found both within (seroprevalence 6–62%) and outside (up to 17%) the endemic areas of the clinically affected countries as well as in the non-clinically affected countries Austria and France (3–5·4%). Among wild boar, the seroprevalence varied between 0·6 and 10·8%, and a study in Belgium found a prevalence of virus infection of 3·3%.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 133 , Issue 3 , June 2005 , pp. 547 - 557
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press