Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T23:41:39.963Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A one-year study of trivalent influenza vaccines in primed and unprimed volunteers: immunogenicity, clinical reactions and protection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

N. Masurel  and
J. Laufer
N. Masurel
Affiliation:
Department of Virology and WHO Influenza Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and Dieren's Pharmacy, Callunaplein 3, Dieren, The Netherlands
J. Laufer
Affiliation:
Department of Virology and WHO Influenza Centre, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and Dieren's Pharmacy, Callunaplein 3, Dieren, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Three hundred volunteers were divided into two age groups, 14–30 years and 31–60 years. Each participant was immunized intramuscularly with a subunit, whole virus or adsorbed whole virus vaccine, containing A/Bangkok/I/79 (H3N2), A/Brazil/ 11/78 (H1N1)and B/Singapore/222/79 influenza virus. Serum haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody response, protection, and reactogenicity were studied after one and two doses of the vaccines. Primary immunization induced much higher percentages of HI antibody titres ≥ 100 against all three vaccine viruses and much higher geometric mean titres (GMT) in volunteers with pre-immunization titres ≥ 18 as compared to those with pre-immunization titres < 18. Secondary immunization did not result in an increase of GMTs or antibody titres ≥ 100 in volunteers with pre-immunization titres < 18. On the whole, the response to the subunit vaccine was similar to that to the other two vaccines. To influenza B/Singapore/222/79 virus the response was lowest after administration of the whole virus vaccine in the age group 31–60 years. Over 50% of the HI titres ≥ 100 found after immunization in the different vaccine and age groups were still present after one year. Serologically established infections during the winter months following immunization amounted to 15% in the subunit vaccine group, 6% in the whole virus vaccine group, and 10% in the adsorbed whole virus vaccine group. Local and systemic reactions to all three vaccines were mild in nature. Local reactions after primary immunization were much less frequent following administration of the subunit vaccine as compared to the other two vaccines, especially in the younger age group. In comparison to primary immunization, after booster immunization the incidence of local reactions was higher for the subunit vaccine and lower for the adsorbed whole virus vaccine. In the age group 14–30 years the incidence of local reactions after primary as well as booster immunization was much greater in females than in males, especially when the adsorbed whole virus vaccine was used.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 92 , Issue 3 , June 1984 , pp. 263 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

References

Bernstein, D. I. & Cherry, J. D. (1983). Clinical reactions and antibody responses to influenza vaccines. A comparison of split and subunit vaccines in children and young adults. American Journal of Diseases of Children 137, 622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davenport, F. M., Hennessy, A. V. & Francis, T. (1953). Epidemiologic and immunologic significance of age distribution of antibody to antigenic variants of influenza virus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 98, 641.Google Scholar
Feery, B. J. (1977). Adverse reactions after smallpox vaccination. Medical Journal of Australia 2, 180.Google Scholar
Feery, B. J., Gallichio, H. A., Rodda, S. J. & Hampson, A. W. (1979). Antibody responses to influenza vaccines containing A/USSR/90/77. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 57, 335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodeve, A., Potter, C. W., Clark, A., Jennings, R., Schild, G. C. & Yetts, R. (1983). A graded-dose study of inactivated, surface antigen influenza B vaccine in volunteers: reactogenicity, antibody response and protection to challenge virus infection. Journal of Hygiene 90, 107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, D., Curry, R. L., Beare, A. S. & Ward-Gardner, A. (1972). The role of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza A2 and B viruses. Journal of Hygiene 70, 767.Google ScholarPubMed
Jennings, R., Potter, C. W., Massey, P. M. O., Duerden, B. I., Martin, J. & Bevan, A. M. (1981). Responses of volunteers to inactivated influenza virus vaccines. Journal of Hygiene 86, 1.Google Scholar
Kark, J. D., Lebiush, M., Rannon, L., Witztum, E., Nili, E. & Kedem, M. (1981). The antigenicity of whole virus versus subunit trivalent influenza vaccinesh – a field trial in the Israel Defence Forces, 1978. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 170, 55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masurel, N. (1969 a). Serological characteristics of a ‘new’ serotype of influenza A virus: the Hong Kong strain. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 41, 461.Google ScholarPubMed
Masurel, N. (1969 b). Relation between Hong Kong virus and former human A2 isolates and the A/Equi2 virus in human sera collected before 1957. Lancet i, 907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masurel, N. & André, F. E. (1978). Antibody response against current H1N1 influenza virus after vaccination with last season's trivalent vaccine. Lancet i, 144.Google Scholar
Masurel, N. & Anker, W. J. J. (1978). Influenza A in het winterseizoen 1977–78, veroorzaakt door het ‘oude’ H3N2-virus en het ‘nieuwe’ H1N1 virus. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 122, 383.Google ScholarPubMed
Masurel, N., Ophof, P. & de Jong, P. (1981). Antibody response to immunization with influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus in young individuals primed or unprimed for A/New Jersey/76 (H1N1) virus. Journal of Hygiene 87, 201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oxford, J. S., Yetts, R., & Schild, G. C. (1982). Quantitation and analysis of the specificity of post-immunization antibodies to influenza B viruses using single radial haemolysis. Journal of Hygiene 88, 325.Google Scholar
Pandemic Working Group of the Medical Research Council (1977). Antibody responses and reactogenicity of graded doses of inactivated influenza A/New Jersey/76 whole-virus vaccine in humans. Journal of Infectious Diseases 136, supplement, S475.Google Scholar
Parkman, P. D., Galasso, G. J., Top, F. H. & Noble, G. R. (1976). Summary of clinical trials of influenza vaccines. Journal of Infectious Diseases 134, 100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, C. W., Jennings, R., Nicholson, K., Tyrrell, D. A. J. & Dickinson, K. G. (1977). Immunity to attenuated influenza virus WRL 105 infection induced by heterologous, inactivated influenza A virus vaccines. Journal of Hygiene 79, 321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potter, C. W., Clark, A., Jennings, R., Schild, G. C., Wood, J. M. & McWilliam, P. K. A. (1980). Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccine in unprimed children. Report to the Medical Research Council Committee on influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines. Journal of Biological Standardization 8, 35.Google Scholar
Pyrhönen, S., Suni, J. & Romo, M. (1981). Clinical trial of a subunit influenza vaccine. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 13, 95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyrrell, D. A. J., Schild, G. C., Dowdle, W. R., Chanock, R. & Murphy, B. (1981). Development and use of influenza vaccines. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 59, 165.Google Scholar
Wesselius-de Casparis, A., Masurel, N. & Kerrebijn, K. F. (1972). Field trial with human and equine influenza vaccines in children: protection and antibody titres. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 46, 151.Google ScholarPubMed
Wright, P. F., Bryant, J. D. & Karzon, D. T. (1980). Comparison of influenza B/Hong Kong virus infections among infants, children, and young adults. Journal of Infectious Diseases 141, 430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1983). Recommended composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 1983–1984 season. Weekly Epidemiological Record (WHO, Geneva) 58, 53.Google Scholar