Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:31:24.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Quantification of three-dimensional skin displacement artefacts on the equine tibia and third metatarsus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Joel L Lanovaz ,
Siriporn Khumsap  and
Hilary M Clayton
Joel L Lanovaz*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, McLaughlin Hall, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
Siriporn Khumsap
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Hilary M Clayton
Affiliation:
McPhail Equine Performance Center, Michigan State University, USA
*
*lanovaz@me.queensu.ca
Get access

Abstract

Routine study of three-dimensional (3D) tarsal kinematics is hampered by errors due to the displacement of skin surface-tracking markers relative to the underlying bones. Reliable kinematics can be obtained with bone-fixed markers, but an accurate, non-invasive method would have more applications. Simultaneous kinematic data from skin-based and bone-fixed markers attached to the tibia and third metatarsus were collected from three trotting subjects. The motion of the skin-based markers was extracted relative to the underlying bone motion tracked using the bone-fixed markers. The 3D skin displacement patterns for the skin-based markers were parameterized using a truncated Fourier series model. These displacements were expressed in terms of the local coordinate system for each bone. Skin displacement artefacts were observed in all three axes of each bone segment, with the largest displacements occurring at the proximal tibia. The mean skin displacement amplitudes in the tibia were 6.7%, 3.2% and 10.5% of segment length, and for the third metatarsus were 2.6%, 1.4% and 3.8% of segment length, for the craniocaudal, mediolateral and longitudinal segment axes, respectively. Skin displacement patterns could be expressed concisely using the Fourier series model. Displacements were also consistent between subjects, which should allow them to be used as a basis for developing a correction procedure for 3D tarsal joint kinematics.

Keywords

tarsusjointskinematicsFourier seriesmodelling
Type
Research Article
Information
Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology , Volume 1 , Issue 2 , May 2004 , pp. 141 - 150
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Gabel, AA (1983). Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of inflammation of the distal hock. Proceedings of the 28th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners,Manhattan, NY, pp. 287–298.Google Scholar
2Winter, D, Bruns, E, Glodek, P and Hertsch, B (1996). Genetic disposition of bone diseases in sport horses. Zuchtungskunde 68: 92–108.Google Scholar
3Gough, M and Munroe, G (1998). Decision making in the diagnosis and management of bone spavin in horses. In Practice 20: 252–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Holmström, M, Fredricson, I and Drevemo, S (1995). Biokinematic effects of collection on the trotting gaits in the elite dressage horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 27: 281–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Kobluk, CN, Schnurr, D, Horney, FD, Hearn, TC, Summer-Smith, G, Willoughby, RA et al. (1989). Use of high speed cinematography and computer generated gait diagrams for the study of equine hind limb kinematics. Equine Veterinary Journal 21: 48–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Holmström, M, Fredricson, I and Drevemo, S (1994). Biokinematic analysis of the Swedish Warmblood riding horse at trot. Equine Veterinary Journal 26: 235–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Back, W, Schamhardt, HC, Savelberg, HHCM, van den Bogert, AJ, Bruin, G, Hartman, W et al. (1995). How the horse moves: 2. Significance of graphical representations of equine hind limb kinematics. Equine Veterinary Journal 27: 39–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Hodson, EF, Clayton, HM and Lanovaz, JL (2001). The hind limb in walking horses: 1. Kinematics and ground reaction forces. Equine Veterinary Journal 33: 38–43.Google Scholar
9Schamhardt, HC, Hartman, W and De Lange, A (1984). Kinematics of the equine tarsus. Abstracts of the XV Congress of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Utrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 178–179.Google Scholar
10Lanovaz, JL, Khumsap, S, Clayton, HM, Stick, JA and Brown, J (2002). Three dimensional kinematics of the tarsal joint at the trot. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 308–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11van Weeren, PR, van den Bogert, AJ and Barneveld, A (1992). Correction models for skin displacement in equine kinematic gait analysis. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12: 178–192.Google Scholar
12Cappozzo, A, Cappello, A, Della Croce, U and Pensalfini, F (1997). Surface-marker cluster design criteria for 3-D bone movement reconstruction. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 44: 1165–1174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Cappozzo, A, Catani, F, Leardini, A, Benedetti, MG and Della Croce, U (1996). Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: experimental artifacts. Clinical Biomechanics 11: 90–100.Google Scholar
14Reinschmidt, C, van den Bogert, AJ, Nigg, BM, Lundberg, A and Murphy, N (1997). Effect of skin movement on the analysis of skeletal knee joint motion during running. Journal of Biomechanics 30: 729–732.Google Scholar
15Lafortune, MA, Cavanagh, PR, Sommer, HJ III and Kalenak, A (1992). Three-dimensional kinematics of the human knee during walking. Journal of Biomechanics 25: 347–357.Google Scholar
16Reinschmidt, C, van den Bogert, AJ, Murphy, N, Lundberg, A and Nigg, BM (1997). Tibiocalcaneal motion during running – measured with external and bone markers. Clinical Biomechanics 12: 8–16.Google Scholar
17van den Bogert, AJ, van Weeren, PR and Schamhardt, HC (1990). Correction for skin displacement errors in movement analysis of the horse. Journal of Biomechanics 23: 97–101.Google Scholar
18Woltring, HJ (1986). A FORTRAN package for generalized, cross-validatory spline smoothing and differentiation. Advances in Engineering Software 8: 104–113.Google Scholar
19Söderkvist, I and Wedin, P (1993). Determining the movements of the skeleton using well-configured markers. Journal of Biomechanics 26: 1473–1477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Cappozzo, A, Leo, T and Pedotti, A (1975). A general computing method for the analysis of human locomotion. Journal of Biomechanics 8: 307–320.Google Scholar
21Woltring, HJ (1990). Model and measurement error influences in data processing. Biomechanics of Human Movement: Applications in Rehabilitation, Sports and Ergonomics, Worthington, OH: Bertec Corporation, pp. 203–237.Google Scholar