Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T10:41:33.711Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of endurance training on VO2max and submaximal blood lactate concentrations of untrained sled dogs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2007

Heidi E Banse ,
Raymond H Sides ,
Brent C Ruby  and
Warwick M Bayly
Heidi E Banse*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7010, USA
Raymond H Sides
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7010, USA
Brent C Ruby
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
Warwick M Bayly
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7010, USA
*
*Corresponding author: hbanse@uga.edu
Get access

Abstract

Five previously untrained yearling sled dogs were evaluated for endurance training-induced changes in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and submaximal blood lactate concentrations. Following 3 weeks of light training followed by 4 weeks of moderate training, VO2max increased by 10%, from 180.2 ± 9.9 to 198.7 ± 19.2 ml kg min− 1 (P = 0.046). Light training was not associated with any increase in VO2max. Blood lactate concentrations at the same absolute intensity decreased by 215%, from 9.2 ± 4.7 to 4.3 ± 2.4 mmol l− 1 (P = 0.022). Speeds associated with oxygen consumptions of 70% VO2max increased by 12%, from 4.8 ± 0.4 to 5.4 ± 0.5 m s− 1 (P = 0.008) and speeds associated with VO2max increased by 21%, from 6.7 ± 0.3 to 8.2 ± 0.7 m s− 1 (P = 0.012).

Keywords

exercisesled dogsoxygen consumption
Type
Research Paper
Information
Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , May 2007 , pp. 89 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Bayly, WM, Schultz, DA, Hodgson, DR and Gollnick, PD (1987). Ventilatory responses of the horse to exercise: effect of gas collection systems. Journal of Applied Physiology 63: 1210–1217.Google Scholar
2Bayly, W, Schott, H and Slocombe, R (1995). Ventilatory responses of horses to prolonged submaximal exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 18: 23–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Bloom, SR, Johnson, RH, Park, DM, Rennie, MJ and Sulaiman, WR (1976). Differences in the metabolic and hormonal response to exercise between racing cyclists and untrained individuals. Journal of Physiology 258: 1–18.Google Scholar
4Constable, PD, Hinchcliff, KW, Farris, J and Schmidt, KE (1976). Factors associated with finishing status for dogs competing in a long-distance sled race. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208: 879–882.Google Scholar
5Coyle, EF (2005). Improved muscular efficiency displayed as Tour de France champion matures. Journal of Applied Physiology 98: 2191–2196.Google Scholar
6Coyle, EF, Coggan, AR, Hopper, MK and Walters, TJ (1988). Determinants of endurance in well-trained cyclists. Journal of Applied Physiology 64: 2622–2630.Google Scholar
7Coyle, EF, Martine, WH III, Sinacore, DR, Joyner, MJ, Hagberg, J and Holloszy, JO (1984). Time course of loss of adaptations after stopping prolonged intense endurance training. Journal of Applied Physiology 57: 1857–1864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Daniels, JT, Yarbrough, RA and Foster, C (1978). Changes in VO2max and running performance with training. European Journal of Applied Physiology 39: 249–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Davies, KJA, Packer, L and Brooks, GA (1981). Biochemical adaptation of mitochondria, muscle and whole-animal respiration to endurance training. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 209: 539–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Denis, C, Dormois, D, Castells, J, Bonnefoy, R, Padilla, S, Geyssant, A et al. (1988). Comparison of incremental and steady state tests of endurance training. European Journal of Applied Physiology 57: 474–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Eaton, MD, Hodgson, DR, Evans, DL and Rose, RJ (1999). Effects of low and moderate-intensity training on metabolic responses to exercise in Thoroughbreds. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 30: 521–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Ekblom, B and Hermansen, L (1968). Cardiac output in athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology 25: 619–625.Google Scholar
13Ekblom, B, Per-Olof, A, Saltin, B, Stenberg, J and Wallstrom, B (1968). Effect of training on circulatory response to exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 24: 518–528.Google Scholar
14Evans, DL and Rose, RJ (1987). Maximum oxygen uptake in racehorses: changes with training state and prediction from submaximal cardiorespiratory measurements. In: Gillespie, JR and Robinson, NE (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology 2. Ann Arbor, MI: Edwards Brothers, pp. 1–24.Google Scholar
15Evans, DL and Rose, RJ (1988). Determination and repeatability of maximum oxygen uptake and other cardiorespiratory measurements in the exercising horse. Equine Veterinary Journal 20: 94–98.Google Scholar
16Farrell, PA, Wilmore, JH, Coyle, EF, Billing, JE and Costill, DL (1979). Plasma lactate accumulation and distance running performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 11: 338–344.Google Scholar
17Gass, GC, McLellan, TM and Gass, EM (1991). Effects of prolonged exercise at a similar percentage of maximal oxygen consumption in trained and untrained subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology 63: 430–435.Google Scholar
18Gauvreau, GM, Staempfli, H, McCutcheon, LJ, Young, SS and McDonell, WN (1995). Comparison of aerobic capacity between racing Standardbred horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 78: 1447–1451.Google Scholar
19Gollnick, PD, Armstrong, RB, Saltin, B, Saugert, CW IV, Sembrowich, WL and Shepherd, RE (1973). Effect of training on enzyme activity and fiber composition of human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 34: 107–111.Google Scholar
20Gollnick, PD, Bayly, WM and Hodgson, DR (1986). Exercise intensity, training, diet, and lactate concentration in the muscle and blood. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 18: 334–340.Google Scholar
21Green, DA (1961). A review of studies on the growth rate of the horse. British Veterinary Journal 117: 181–191.Google Scholar
22Hagberg, JM and Coyle, EF (1983). Physiological determinants of endurance performance as studied in competitive racewalkers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 15: 287–289.Google Scholar
23Hawthorne, AJ, Booles, D, Nugent, PA, Gettinby, G and Wilkinson, J (2004). Body-weight changes during growth in puppies of different breeds. Journal of Nutrition 134: 2027S–2030S.Google Scholar
24Hodgson, DR, Rose, RJ, Kelso, TB, McCucheon, LJ, Bayly, WM and Gollnick, PD (1990). Respiratory and metabolic responses in the hose during moderate and heavy exercise. Pflugers Archives 417: 73–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Holloszy, JO and Coyle, EF (1984). Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and metabolic consequences. Journal of Applied Physiology 56: 831–838.Google Scholar
26Hurley, BF, Hagberg, JM, Allen, WK, Seals, DR, Young, JC, Cuddihee, RW et al. (1984). Effect of training on blood lactate levels during submaximal exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 56: 1260–1264.Google Scholar
27Jansson, E and Kaijser, L (1987). Substrate utilization and enzymes in skeletal muscle of extremely endurance-trained men. Journal of Applied Physiology 62: 999–1005.Google Scholar
28Katz, LM, Bayly, WM, Roeder, MJ, Kingston, JK and Hines, MT (2000). Effects of training on maximum oxygen consumption of ponies. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61: 986–991.Google Scholar
29Knight, PK, Sinha, AK and Rose, RJ (1991). Effects of training intensity on maximum oxygen uptake. In: Persson, SG, Lindholm, A and Jeffcott, LB (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology 3. Davis, California: ICEEP Publications, pp. 77–82.Google Scholar
30Lindstedt, SL, Hokanson, JF, Wells, DJ, Swain, SD, Hoppeler, H and Navarro, V (1991). Running energetics in the Pronghorn antelope. Nature 353: 748–750.Google Scholar
31Longworth, KE, Jones, JH, Bicudo, JEPW, Taylor, CR and Weibel, ER (1989). High rate of O2 consumption in exercising foxes: large PO2 difference drives diffusion across the lung. Respiratory Physiology 77: 263–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Lucas, A, Therminarias, A and Tanche, M (1980). Maximum oxygen consumption in dogs during muscular exercise and cold exposure. Pflugers Archive 388: 83–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Musch, TI, Friedman, DB, Pitetti, KH, Haidet, GC, Stray-Gunderson, J, Mitchell, JR, et al. (1987). Regional distribution of blood flow of dogs during graded dynamic exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 63: 2269–2277.Google Scholar
34Musch, TI, Haidet, GC, Ordway, GA, Longhurst, JC and Mitchell, JH (1985). Dynamic exercise training in foxhounds I. Oxygen consumption and hemodynamic responses. Journal of Applied Physiology 59: 183–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Ohmura, H, Hiraga, A, Matsui, A, Aida, H, Inoue, Y, et al. (2002). Physiological responses of young Thoroughbreds during their first year of race training. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 140–146.Google Scholar
36Persson, SGB, Essen-Gustavsson, B, Lindholm, A, McMiken, D and Thornton, JR (1983). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of training of Standardbred yearlings. In: Snow, DH, Persson, SGB and Rose, RJ (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology 1. Cambridge, UK: Granta, pp. 458–469.Google Scholar
37Prince, A, Geor, R, Harris, P, Hoekstra, K, Garnder, S, Hudson, C et al. (2002). Comparison of the metabolic responses of Arabians and Thoroughbreds during high- and low-intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 34: 95–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Pringle, J, MacMillan, K, Briand, H and Staempfli, H (1999). Comparison of exercise variables measured during intensity of simulated training to variables at maximal effort in Standardbreds. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 30: 166–169.Google Scholar
39Proscurshim, P, Russo, AK, Silva, AC, Picarro, IC, Freire, E and Tarasantchi, J (1989). Aerobic training effects on maximum oxygen consumption, lactate threshold, and lactate disappearance during exercise recovery in dogs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 94A: 743–747.Google Scholar
40Reynolds, AJ (1995). The effect of diet on performance. Proceedings, Performance Dog Nutrition Symposium. pp. 10–12.Google Scholar
41Reynolds, A, Hoppeler, H, Reinhart, GA, Roberts, T, Simmerman, D et al. (1995). Sled dog endurance: a result of high fat diet or selective breeding? FASEB Journal: A996.Google Scholar
42Reynolds, AJ, Reinhart, GA, Carey, DP, Simmerman, DA, Frank, DA and Kallfelz, FA (1999). Effect of protein intake during training on biochemical and performance variables in sled dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60: 789–795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Robinson, S and Harmon, PM (1941). The lactic acid mechanism and certain properties of the blood in relation to training. Journal of Applied Physiology 132: 757–769.Google Scholar
44Rose, RJ, Hodgson, DR, Kelso, TB, McCutcheon, LJ, Reid, T-A, Bayly, WM and Gollnick, PD (1988). Maximum O2 uptake, O2 debt and deficit, and muscle metabolites in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 64: 781–788.Google Scholar
45Saltin, B and Astrand, P-O (1967). Maximal oxygen uptake in athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology 23: 353–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Seeherman, HJ, Taylor, CR, Maloiy, GMO and Armstrong, RB (1981). Design of the mammalian respiratory system. II. Measuring maximum aerobic capacity. Respiratory Physiology 44: 11–23.Google Scholar
47Taylor, CR, Karas, RH, Weibel, EW and Hoppeler, H (1987). Adaptive variation in the mammalian respiratory system in relation to energetic demand: II. Reaching the limits to oxygen flow. Respiratory Physiology 69: 7–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Taylor, CR, Maloiy, GM, Weibel, ER, Langman, VA, Zamau, JMZ, Seeherman, HJ et al. (1980). Design of the mammalian respiratory system: III. Scaling maximum aerobic capacity to body mass: wild and domestic mammals. Respiratory Physiology 44: 25–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49Taylor, RJF (1957). The work output of sledge dogs. Journal of Applied Physiology 137: 210–217.Google Scholar
50Thornton, J, Essen-Gustavsson, B, Lindholm, A, McMiken, D and Persson, S (1983). Effects of training and detraining on oxygen uptake, cardiac output, blood gas tensions, pH and lactate concentrations during and after exercise in the horse. In: Snow, DH, Persson, SGB and Rose, RJ (eds) Equine Exercise Physiology 1. Cambridge, UK: Granta, pp. 470–486.Google Scholar
51Tyler, CM, Gollan, LC, Evans, DL, Hodgson, DR and Rose, RJ (1996). Changes in maximum oxygen uptake during prolonged training, overtraining, and detraining in horses. Journal of Applied Physiology 81: 2244–2249.Google Scholar
52Van Citters, RL and Franklin, DL (1969). Cardiovascular performance of Alaska sled dogs during exercise. Circulation Research 24: 33–42.Google Scholar
53Weibel, ER, Burri, PH and Claassen, H (1971). The gas exchange apparatus of the smallest mammal: Suncus etruscus. Experientia 27: 724.Google Scholar
54Weibel, ER, Taylor, CR, O'Neil, JJ, Leith, DE, Gehr, P, Hoppeler, H et al. (1983). Maximal oxygen consumption and pulmonary diffusing capacity: a direct comparison of physiologic and morphometric measurements in canids. Respiratory Physiology 54: 173–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed