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Regular tramadol use does not affect the propofol dose requirement for induction of anaesthesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2007

H. Kokki ,
J. Wennervirta ,
M. Laisalmi  and
A. Vakkuri
H. Kokki
Affiliation:
Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio, Finland University of Kuopio, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuopio, Finland
J. Wennervirta
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Hospital, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
M. Laisalmi
Affiliation:
Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio, Finland
A. Vakkuri*
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Hospital, Surgical Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
*
Correspondence to: Anne Vakkuri, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Surgical Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: anne.vakkuri@hus.fi; Tel: +358 50 427 0653; Fax: +358 9 47188609
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Summary

Background and objectives

An increased risk of awareness during general anaesthesia in patients receiving tramadol has been reported. We studied whether tramadol affects the amount of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia.

Methods

In this prospective controlled study, we evaluated 46 patients, half of whom used tramadol regularly. Entropy indices, state entropy and response entropy, were used to assess the level of hypnosis. Patients were anaesthetized with a propofol infusion (1 mg kg−1 min−1) until they first became unconscious, and further until they developed a burst suppression pattern in the electroencephalogram. The doses of propofol needed to reach these end-points were recorded.

Results

The amount (median, (range)) of propofol required for loss of consciousness was 2.0 (1.0–5.5) mg kg−1 and 2.4 (0.9–8.3) mg kg−1 (P = 0.95) in the tramadol users and controls, respectively. The amount of propofol required for burst suppression was 5.8 (3.9–12.7) mg kg−1 and 6.4 (2.9–15.1) mg kg−1 (P = 0.89) in the tramadol users and controls. There was no difference between the groups in state entropy and response entropy during different stages of induction of anaesthesia.

Conclusions

Tramadol did not affect the dose of propofol required to achieve loss of consciousness or burst suppression pattern in electroencephalogram during induction of general anaesthesia. However, there was a ninefold inter-individual variation in propofol dose requirement for loss of consciousness and a fivefold variation for reaching burst suppression. Due to extensive inter-individual variability, monitoring the level of hypnosis during general anaesthesia using propofol may enhance the correct dosage.

Keywords

TRAMADOLPROPOFOLELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM, bispectral indexENTROPYDRUG INTERACTIONS
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 24 , Issue 9 , September 2007 , pp. 776 - 781
Copyright
Copyright © European Society of Anaesthesiology 2007

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