Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:05:43.185Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of thiopental on bispectral index and heart rate variability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2006

S. Tsuchiya ,
N. Kanaya ,
N. Hirata ,
S. Kurosawa ,
N. Kamada ,
M. Edanaga ,
M. Nakayama ,
K. Omote  and
A. Namiki
S. Tsuchiya
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
N. Kanaya
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
N. Hirata
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
S. Kurosawa
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
N. Kamada
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
M. Edanaga
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
M. Nakayama
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
K. Omote
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
A. Namiki
Affiliation:
Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo, Japan
Get access

Extract

Summary

Background and objective: Thiopental has been reported to reduce sympathetic tone, however, it is not clear whether change in heart rate variability is associated with depth of anaesthesia. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in heart rate variability at different depths of hypnosis during induction of anaesthesia with thiopental. Methods: We studied 17 ASA I patients scheduled for minor surgery. The depth of hypnosis was monitored by the BIS. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability using a maximum entropy method resulted in a characteristic power spectrum with two main regions, a high frequency and a low frequency. Haemodynamics, entropy, low frequency, high frequency and low frequency/high frequency were monitored in an awake state and after the induction of anaesthesia. Results: Heart rate increased in a BIS-dependent manner, whereas blood pressure showed no significant changes during the study period. High frequency, entropy and low frequency decreased with a reduction in the BIS value. Low frequency/high frequency showed no significant change during the study period. Conclusions: Induction of anaesthesia with thiopental increased heart rate and decreased high frequency, entropy and low frequency in a BIS-dependent manner, indicating that thiopental reduces cardiac parasympathetic tone depending on the depth of hypnosis.

Keywords

ANAESTHESIA GENERALANAESTHETICS INTRAVENOUS, thiopentalAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, heart rate variabilityELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, bispectral index
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 23 , Issue 6 , June 2006 , pp. 454 - 459
Copyright
© 2006 European Society of Anaesthesiology

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Todd MM, Drummond JC, Shigeo Tsuchiya HS. The hemodynamic consequences of high-dose thiopental anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1985; 64: 681–687.Google Scholar
Ebert TJ, Kanitz DD, Kampine JP. Inhibition of sympathetic neural outflow during thiopental anesthesia in humans. Anesth Analg 1990; 71: 319–326.Google Scholar
Wallin BG, Konig U. Changes of skin nerve sympathetic activity during induction of general anaesthesia with thiopentone in man. Brain Res 1976; 103: 157–160.Google Scholar
Joyce JT, Roizen MF, Eger II EI. Effect of thiopental induction on sympathetic activity. Anesthesiology 1983; 59: 19–22.Google Scholar
Scheffer GJ, Ten-Voorde BJ, Karemaker JM, Ros HH, de Lange JJ. Effects of thiopentone, etomidate and propofol on beat-to-beat cardiovascular signals in man. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 849–855.Google Scholar
Manders WT, Vatner SF. Effects of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia on left ventricular function and distribution of cardiac output in dogs, with particular reference to the mechanism for tachycardia. Circ Res 1976; 39: 512–517.Google Scholar
Akselrod S, Gordon D, Madwed JB, Snidman NC, Shannon DC, Cohen RJ. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: A quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control. Science 1981; 213: 220–222.Google Scholar
Pagani M, Lombardi F, Guzzetti S et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dogs. Circ Res 1986; 59: 178–193.Google Scholar
Palazzolo JA, Estafanous FG, Murray PA. Entropy measures of heart rate variation in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: H1099–H1105.Google Scholar
Yodlowski EH, Introna RPS, Montano N, Crumrine RS. Heart rate variability and neural control of the circulation: Implications for anesthesiologists. Adv Anesth 1998; 15: 33–74.Google Scholar
Kanaya N, Hirata N, Kurosawa S, Nakayama M, Namiki A. Differential effects of propofol and sevoflurane on heart rate variability. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 34–40.Google Scholar
Kearse Jr LA, Manberg P, Chamoun N, deBros F, Zaslavsky A. Bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram correlates with patient movement to skin incision during propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 1365–1370.Google Scholar
Ibrahim AE, Taraday JK, Kharasch ED. Bispectral index monitoring during sedation with sevoflurane, midazolam, and propofol. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 1151–1159.Google Scholar
Ohtomo N, Tanaka Y. New method of time series analysis and ‘MemCalc’. A Recent Advance in Time Series Analysis by Maximum Entropy Method. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University Press, 1994: 11–29.
Sawada Y, Ohtomo N, Tanaka Y et al. New technique for time series analysis combining the maximum entropy method and non-linear least squares method: its value in heart rate variability analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 1997; 35: 318–322.Google Scholar
Murasato Y, Hirakawa H, Harada Y, Nakamura T, Hayashida Y. Effects of systemic hypoxia on R-R interval and blood pressure variabilities in conscious rats. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: H797–H804.Google Scholar
Takusagawa M, Komori S, Umetani K et al. Alterations of autonomic nervous activity in recurrence of variant angina. Heart 1999; 82: 75–81.Google Scholar
Pincus SM. Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 2297–2301.Google Scholar
Latson TW, McCarroll SM, Mirhej MA, Hyndman VA, Whitten CW, Lipton JM. Effects of three anesthetic induction techniques on heart rate variability. J Clin Anesth 1992; 4: 265–276.Google Scholar
Mohamed MK, El-Mas MM, Abdel-Rahman AA. Estrogen enhancement of baroreflex sensitivity is centrally mediated. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: R1030–R1037.Google Scholar
Gribbin B, Pickering TG, Sleight P, Peto R. Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity in man. Circ Res 1971; 29: 424–431.Google Scholar
Tanaka M, Nagasaki G, Nishikawa T. Moderate hypothermia depresses arterial baroreflex control of heart rate during, and delays its recovery after, general anesthesia in humans. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 51–55.Google Scholar
Patakas D, Louridas G, Kakavelas E. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1982; 37: 292–295.Google Scholar
Novak V, Novak P, De Champlain J, Le Blanc AR, Martin R, Nadeau R. Influence of respiration on heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 617–626.Google Scholar
Brown TE, Beightol LA, Koh J, Eckberg DL. Important influence of respiration on human R-R interval power spectra is largely ignored. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75: 2310–2317.Google Scholar
Hayano J, Mukai S, Sakakibara M, Okada A, Tanaka K, Fujinami T. Effects of respiratory interval on vagal modulation of heart rate. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: H33–H40.Google Scholar
Lange RL, Hecht HH. The mechanisms of Cheyne–Stokes respiration. J Clin Invest 1962; 41: 41–52.Google Scholar
Kanaya N, Nakayama M, Edanaga M, Hirata N, Namiki A. Biphasic effect of propofol on heart rate variability. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: A160.Google Scholar