Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:54:05.516Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic variability of induction and emergence times for inhalational anaesthetics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2008

S. Meier ,
H. Groeben ,
W. Mitzner  and
R. H. Brown
S. Meier*
Affiliation:
Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Essen, Germany
H. Groeben
Affiliation:
Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensiv und Schmerztherapie, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
W. Mitzner
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, EHS, Division of Physiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
R. H. Brown
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, EHS, Division of Physiology, Baltimore, MD, USA Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
*
Correspondence to: Sascha Meier, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. E-mail: sascha.meier@uk-essen.de; Tel: +49 201 723 1401; Fax: +49 201 723 5949
Get access

Summary

Background and objectives

Anaesthetic requirements differ among inbred mouse strains. We tested the genetic influence on induction and arousal times to inhalational anaesthetics in two of these strains.

Methods

Five male C57BL/6J (B6) and five male C3H/HeJ (C3) mice were each exposed to five different concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) at five different levels of halothane. Time to sleep and arousal were assessed. Data were analysed by repeated measures of analysis of variance.

Results

Halothane, N2O and genetic strain, all were significant independent factors on the time to sleep, while only N2O was a significant independent factor on the time to arousal (P = 0.004). B6 mice took significantly longer to fall asleep compared to the C3 mice controlling for halothane and N2O concentrations (F-ratio = 36, P < 0.0001). The effect of N2O on time to arousal was only significant for the B6 strain (F-ratio = 10, P = 0.005), and not for the C3 strain (F-ratio = 0.8, P = 0.38).

Conclusions

Genetics influences the time to sleep for anaesthetic agents in mice.

Keywords

INHALATIONAL ANAESTHETICS, halothane, nitrous oxideVARIATION (GENETIC)MICEINBRED STRAINSANAESTHESIA, induction time, recovery time
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , February 2008 , pp. 113 - 117
Copyright
Copyright © European Society of Anaesthesiology 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Financial Support: Departmental funding.

References

1.Meyer, H. Zur Theorie der Alkoholnarkose. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 1899; 42: 109–118 [in German].Google Scholar
2. Overton E. Studien über die Narkose. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Allgemeinen Pharmakologie. Jena, Germany: Verlag von Gustav Fischer 1901 [in German].Google Scholar
3.Carpenter, RL, 2ndEger, EI, Johnson, BH, Unadkat, JD, Sheiner, LB. Pharmacokinetics of inhaled anesthetics in humans: measurements during and after the simultaneous administration of enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, and nitrous oxide. Anesth Analg 1986; 65: 575–582.Google Scholar
4.Yasuda, N, Lockhart, SH, 2ndEger, EI et al. . Kinetics of desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane in humans. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 489–498.Google Scholar
5.Yasuda, N, Lockhart, SH, 2ndEger, EI et al. . Comparison of kinetics of sevoflurane and isoflurane in humans. Anesth Analg 1991; 72: 316–324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.2ndEger, EI, Saidman, LJ, Brandstater, B. Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration: a standard of anesthetic potency. Anesthesiology 1965; 26: 756–763.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Sonner, JM, Gong, D, Li, J, 2ndEger, EI, Laster, MJ. Mouse strain modestly influences minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration and convulsivity of inhaled compounds. Anesth Analg 1999; 89: 1030–1034.Google Scholar
8.Sonner, JM, Gong, D, 2ndEger, EI. Naturally occurring variability in anesthetic potency among inbred mouse strains. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 720–726.Google Scholar
9.Joo, DT, Gong, D, Sonner, JM et al. . Blockade of AMPA receptors and volatile anesthetics: reduced anesthetic requirements in GluR2 null mutant mice for loss of the righting reflex and antinociception but not minimum alveolar concentration. Anesthesiology 2001; 94: 478–488.Google Scholar
10.Bignall, K. Ontogeny of levels of neural organization: the righting reflex as a model. Exp Neurol 1974; 42: 566–573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Kissin, I, Morgan, PL, Smith, LR. Anesthetic potencies of isoflurane, halothane, and diethyl ether for various end points of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1983; 58: 88–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Wenzel, DG, Lal, H. The relative reliability of the escape reaction and righting-reflex sleeping times in the mouse. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc (Baltim) 1959; 48: 90–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Crabbe, JC, Gray, DK, Young, ER, Janowsky, JS, Rigter, H. Initial sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol in mice: correlations among open field activity, hypothermia, and loss of righting reflex. Behav Neural Biol 1981; 33: 188–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Hall, JE, Stewart, JI, Harmer, M. Single-breath inhalation induction of sevoflurane anaesthesia with and without nitrous oxide: a feasibility study in adults and comparison with an intravenous bolus of propofol. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 410–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.O’Shea, H, Moultrie, S, Drummond, GB. Influence of nitrous oxide on induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 286–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Sato, Y, Kobayashi, E, Murayama, T, Mishina, M, Seo, N. Effect of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor epsilon1 subunit gene disruption of the action of general anesthetic drugs in mice. Anesthesiology 2005; 102: 557–561.Google Scholar
17.Harper, MH, Winter, PM, Johnson, BH, Koblin, DD, 2ndEger, EI. Withdrawal convulsions in mice following nitrous oxide. Anesth Analg 1980; 59: 19–21.Google Scholar
18.Katayama, S, Irifune, M, Kikuchi, N et al. . Increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in mouse brain induce loss of righting reflex, but not immobility, in response to noxious stimulation. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 1422–1429 [Table of contents].Google Scholar
19.Quinlan, JJ, Ferguson, C, Jester, K, Firestone, LL, Homanics, GE. Mice with glycine receptor subunit mutations are both sensitive and resistant to volatile anesthetics. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 578–582 [Table of contents].Google Scholar
20.Groeben, H, Meier, S, Tankersley, CG, Mitzner, W, Brown, RH. Heritable differences in respiratory drive and breathing pattern in mice during anaesthesia and emergence. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 541–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Groeben, H, Meier, S, Tankersley, CG, Mitzner, W, Brown, RH. Influence of volatile anaesthetics on hypercapnoeic ventilatory responses in mice with blunted respiratory drive. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 697–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Morgan, PG, Sedensky, MM. Mutations conferring new patterns of sensitivity to volatile anesthetics in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 888–898.Google Scholar
23.Crowder, CM, Shebester, LD, Schedl, T. Behavioral effects of volatile anesthetics in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anesthesiology 1996; 85: 901–912.Google Scholar
24.Nagele, P, Metz, LB, Crowder, CM. Nitrous oxide (N2O) requires the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor for its action in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 8791–8796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed