In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution of a degenerate parabolic variational inequality of which a strong solution was shown to exist by Song and Yu [21]. The problem arises from optimal stochastic control of exercising continuously perpetual executive stock options (ESOs). We also characterize the basic graph, continuity, and monotonicity properties of the free boundary from which the optimal control strategy can be described precisely.

We present a macroscopic model for describing the electrical and thermal behaviour of silicon devices. The model makes use of a set of macroscopic state variables for phonons and electrons that are moments of their respective distribution functions. The evolution equations for these variables are obtained starting from the Bloch–Boltzmann–Peierls kinetic equations for the phonon and the electron distributions, and are closed by means of the maximum entropy principle. All the main interactions between electrons and phonons, the scattering of electrons with impurities, as well as the scattering of phonons among themselves are considered. In particular, we propose a treatment of the optical phonon decay directly based on the expression of its transition rate (Klemens 1966Phys. Rev.148 845; Aksamija & Ravaioli 2010Appl. Phys. Lett.96, 091911). As an application of the model, we evaluate the silicon thermopower.

We use the two-dimensional heat equation as an illustrative example to show that the unified transform is capable of constructing analytical solutions for linear evolution partial differential equations (PDEs) in two spatial dimensions involving non-separable boundary conditions. Such non-separable boundary value problems apparently cannot be solved by the usual transforms. We note that the unified transform always yields integral expressions which, in contrast to the expressions obtained by the usual transforms, have the advantage that are uniformly convergent at the boundary. Thus, even for the cases of separable boundary value problems where the usual transforms can be implemented, the unified transform provides alternative solution expressions which have advantages for both numerical and asymptotic considerations. The former advantage is illustrated by providing the numerical evaluation of a typical boundary value problem, by extending the approach of Flyer and Fokas (2008Proc. R. Soc.464, 1823–1849). This work is the two-dimensional continuation of the heat equation with oblique Robin boundary conditions which was analysed in Mantzavinos and Fokas (2013Eur. J. Appl. Math.24(6), 857–886.

Recently Biscari, DiCarlo and Turzi [Anisotropic wave propagation in nematic liquid crystals, Soft Matter 10, 8296–8307.] proposed a theory for nematoacustics which models nematic liquid crystals as nematic elastomers with molecular relaxation. Here, we extend the analysis of this theory to account for the director motion possibly induced by the propagation of a sound wave. We find that the director vibration is related to the - usually small - anisotropy of the molecular distribution, thus providing a justification to the relative high ultrasonic intensities required to observe non-negligible acousto-optic responses.

We consider and analyse sampling theories in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) in this paper. The reconstruction of a function in an RKHS from a given set of sampling points and the reproducing kernel of the RKHS is discussed. Firstly, we analyse and give the optimal approximation of any function belonging to the RKHS in detail. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition to perfectly reconstruct the function in the corresponding RKHS of complex-valued functions is investigated. Based on the derived results, another proof of the sampling theorem in the linear canonical transform (LCT) domain is given. Finally, the optimal approximation of any band-limited function in the LCT domain from infinite sampling points is also analysed and discussed.

We consider a coating flow of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) fluid film on an inclined substrate. Exploiting the small aspect ratio in the geometry of interest, a fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation is used to model the free surface evolution. Particular attention is paid to the interplay between the bulk elasticity and the anchoring conditions at the substrate and free surface. Previous results have shown that there exist two-dimensional travelling wave solutions that translate down the substrate. In contrast to the analogous Newtonian flow, such solutions may be unstable to streamwise perturbations. Extending well-known results for Newtonian flow, we analyse the stability of the front with respect to transverse perturbations. Using full numerical simulations, we validate the linear stability theory and present examples of downslope flow of nematic liquid crystal in the presence of both transverse and streamwise instabilities.

Analysis ℓ1-recovery refers to a technique of recovering a signal that is sparse in some transform domain from incomplete corrupted measurements. This includes total variation minimization as an important special case when the transform domain is generated by a difference operator. In the present paper, we provide a bound on the number of Gaussian measurements required for successful recovery for total variation and for the case that the analysis operator is a frame. The bounds are particularly suitable when the sparsity of the analysis representation of the signal is not very small.

The aim of this article is to study the existence and uniqueness of solution for a quasistatic fully coupled thermoelastic problem arising from some metallurgical processes. We consider mixed boundary conditions for both submodels, and a Robin boundary condition for the thermal one. Furthermore, the reference temperature, the thermal conductivity and the Lamé's parameters are assumed to depend on the material point.

We consider a diffuse interface model of tumour growth proposed by A. Hawkins-Daruud et al. ((2013) J. Math. Biol.67 1457–1485). This model consists of the Cahn–Hilliard equation for the tumour cell fraction ϕ nonlinearly coupled with a reaction–diffusion equation for ψ, which represents the nutrient-rich extracellular water volume fraction. The coupling is expressed through a suitable proliferation function p(ϕ) multiplied by the differences of the chemical potentials for ϕ and ψ. The system is equipped with no-flux boundary conditions which give the conservation of the total mass, that is, the spatial average of ϕ + ψ. Here, we prove the existence of a weak solution to the associated Cauchy problem, provided that the potential F and p satisfy sufficiently general conditions. Then we show that the weak solution is unique and continuously depends on the initial data, provided that p satisfies slightly stronger growth restrictions. Also, we demonstrate the existence of a strong solution and that any weak solution regularizes in finite time. Finally, we prove the existence of the global attractor in a phase space characterized by an a priori bounded energy.

We develop a mathematical model in hydrodynamic lubrication that takes into account three phenomena: cavitation, surface roughness and compressibility of the fluid. Like the classical Reynolds equation, the model is mass preserving. We compute the homogenized coefficients in the case of unidirectional roughness. A one-dimensional problem is also solved explicitly.

Our interest here is to find the invader in a two species, diffusive and competitive Lotka–Volterra system in the particular case of travelling wave solutions. We investigate the role of diffusion in homogeneous domains. We might expect a priori two different cases: strong interspecific competition and weak interspecific competition. In this paper, we study the first one and obtain a clear conclusion: the invading species is, up to a fixed multiplicative constant, the more diffusive one.

In this paper, an initial-value problem for the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is addressed. Previous numerical simulations of the solution of

\[ u_{t} - 6u^{2} u_{x}+u_{xxx}=0, \quad -\infty<x<\infty, \quad t>0, \]

\[ u(x,0)=\tanh ( Cx ), \quad -\infty<x<\infty, \]

We investigate the effect of mass transfer on the evolution of a thin, two-dimensional, partially wetting drop. While the effects of viscous dissipation, capillarity, slip and uniform mass transfer are taken into account, other effects, such as gravity, surface tension gradients, vapour transport and heat transport, are neglected in favour of mathematical tractability. Our focus is on a matched-asymptotic analysis in the small-slip limit, which reveals that the leading-order outer formulation and contact-line law depend delicately on both the sign and the size of the mass transfer flux. This leads, in particular, to novel generalisations of Tanner's law. We analyse the resulting evolution of the drop on the timescale of mass transfer and validate the leading-order predictions by comparison with preliminary numerical simulations. Finally, we outline the generalisation of the leading-order formulations to prescribed non-uniform rates of mass transfer and to three dimensions.

We consider the steady two-dimensional thin-film version of a problem concerning a weightless non-isothermal free fluid film subject to thermocapillarity, proposed and analysed by Pukhnachev and co-workers. Specifically, we extend and correct the paper by Karabut and Pukhnachev (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys. 49, 568–579, 2008), in which the problem is solved numerically, and in which it is claimed that there exists a unique solution for any value of a prescribed heat-flux parameter in the model. We present a closed-form (parametric) solution of the problem, and from this show that, on the contrary, solutions exist only when the heat-flux parameter is less than a critical value found numerically by Karabut and Pukhnachev, and that when this condition is satisfied there are in fact two solutions, one of which recovers that obtained numerically by Karabut and Pukhnachev, the other being new.

When faced with slowly depleting resources (such as decrease in precipitation due to climate change), complex ecological systems are prone to sudden irreversible changes (such as desertification) as the resource level dips below a tipping point of the system. A possible coping mechanism is the formation of spatial patterns, which allows for concentration of sparse resources and the survival of the species within “ecological niches” even below the tipping point of the homogeneous vegetation state. However, if the change in resource availability is too sudden, the system may not have time to transition to the patterned state and will pass through the tipping point instead, leading to extinction. We argue that the deciding factors are the speed of resource depletion and the amount of the background noise (seasonal climate changes) in the system. We illustrate this phenomenon on a model of patterned vegetation. Our analysis underscores the importance of, and the interplay between, the speed of climate change, heterogeneity of the environment, and the amount of seasonal variability.

In this paper, we investigate motion by mean curvature using the Allen–Cahn (AC) equation in two and three space dimensions. We use an unconditionally stable hybrid numerical scheme to solve the equation. Numerical experiments demonstrate that we can use the AC equation for applications to motion by mean curvature. We also study the curve-shortening flow with a prescribed contact angle condition.