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Provenancing Rune Carvers on Bornholm through 3D-Scanning and Multivariate Statistics of the Carving Technique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2019

Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt Open the ORCID record for Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt [Opens in a new window]
Laila Kitzler Åhfeldt*
Affiliation:
Swedish National Heritage Board, Visby, Sweden
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Abstract

In 2017, eight runestones on Bornholm were scanned in 3D and the microtopography of the grooves was analysed by multivariate statistical methods. One of the stones was previously not known to runological research. The aim of this paper is to compare the carving technique of the Bornholm runestones with runestones from Swedish regions to shed light on old issues concerning Bornholm's links with other regions in and around the Baltic Sea. The rune carvers are important agents in this, as the runestones are often related to issues including landholding, Christianization, possible Swedish influences, and the inclusion of Bornholm into the Danish realm. In addition, rune carvers as native writers were intimately connected to the introduction of literacy. The results of this study indicate that the rune carvers did not cooperate much with carvers from the islands of Öland and Gotland, whereas Södermanland, among the Swedish mainland provinces, was their first choice.

Un relevé par balayage tridimensionnel a été effectué en 2017 sur huit pierres incisées de runes sur l’île de Bornholm et la microphotographie des incisions a été analysée par des méthodes statistiques à variables multiples. Une des pierres était inédite. L'objectif de cet exercice est de comparer les techniques employées sur l’île de Bornholm à celles régions de Suède pour éclairer d'anciennes questions concernant les liens que Bornholm avait avec les zones avoisinantes de la Baltique. Les tailleurs de runes jouaient un rôle déterminant car les pierres runiques étaient souvent liées à des questions de propriété de terres, à la christianisation, à l'influence de la Suède et à l'incorporation de Bornholm dans le royaume du Danemark. De plus, les tailleurs de runes étaient des autochtones maitrisant l’écriture, donc intimement liés à l'alphabétisation locale. Les résultats de l'analyses révèlent que ces artisans ne coopéraient que très peu avec les tailleurs de runes des îles d’Öland et de Gotland mais c'est avec la province de Södermanland en Suède qu'ils avaient le plus de contacts. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Im Jahre 2017 wurden acht Runensteine aus Bornholm dreidimensional eingescannt und die Mikrotopografie deren Furchen wurde mittels der Methoden der multivariaten Statistik untersucht. Darunter gab es einen Stein, der in der runologischen Forschung nicht bekannt war. Das Ziel war, die Schnitztechnik der Runensteine von Bornholm mit Gegenden in Schweden zu vergleichen, um altbekannte Fragen über die Beziehungen zwischen Bornholm und weiter Gebiete im Ostseeraum zu verdeutlichen. Die Runenschnitzer spielten eine wichtige Rolle dabei, da die Runensteine häufig mit Fragen des Landbesitzes, der Christianisierung, der möglichen schwedischen Einflüssen und der Eingliederung von Bornholm in das Königreich Dänemark verknüpft sind. Darüber hinaus sind die einheimischen Runenschnitzer, weil sie schreiben konnten, mit der Alphabetisierung eng verbunden. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass die Runenschnitzer nicht viel mit ihren Kollegen auf den Inseln Öland und Gotland zusammenarbeiteten, hatten aber Kontakte mit Södermanland unter den Provinzen des schwedischen Festlandes. Translation by Madeleine Hummler

Keywords

runestonesrune carversBornholmmultivariate analysis3D scanningViking AgeEarly MedievalScandinaviapierres runiquesBornholmtailleurs de runesstatistiques à variables multiplesbalayage tridimensionnelépoque vikinghaute Moyen AgeScandinavieRunensteineRunenschnitzerBornholmmultivariate Statistikdreidimensionales ScannenWikingerzeitFrühmittelalterSkandinavien
Type
Article
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 82 - 104
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2019

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