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El programa APRAND: una intervención para prevenir recaídas de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos. Primeros resultados de una intervención médica de promoción de la salud en una población de empleados

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

C. Godard ,
A. Chevalier ,
Y. Lecrubier  and
G. Lahon
C. Godard
Affiliation:
Servicio General de Medicina de Control de EDF GDF, 22-28, rue Joubert, 75009, París, Francia
A. Chevalier
Affiliation:
Servicio General de Medicina de Control de EDF GDF, 22-28, rue Joubert, 75009, París, Francia INVS, Departamento “Salud-trabajo”, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, St. Maurice, Francia
Y. Lecrubier
Affiliation:
Inserm – Unidad 302, La Salpetrière, Pavillon Clérambault, 47, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 , París, cedex 13, Francia INVS, Departamento “Salud-trabajo”, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, St. Maurice, Francia
G. Lahon
Affiliation:
Servicio General de Medicina de Control de EDF GDF, 22-28, rue Joubert, 75009, París, Francia INVS, Departamento “Salud-trabajo”, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415, St. Maurice, Francia
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Resumen

Objetivos

El estudio trataba de determinar si una intervención organizada de promoción de la salud durante las consultas médicas mejora la evolución para los pacientes que cumplen los criterios de la CIE-10 para trastornos de ansiedad o depresivos.

Métodos

En 2001, los médicos utilizaron la MINI para la detección selectiva de 9.743 empleados de baja por enfermedad y médicos especialistas en 21 centros médicos de una gran compañía. Se llevó a efecto una intervención de promoción de salud en ocho centros “activos”. Esta intervención tenía lugar inmediatamente después del diagnóstico y consistía en explicar los trastornos, proporcionar los resultados de la prueba y folletos basados en las recomendaciones de la OMS, y aconsejar a los pacientes que consultaran a su médico personal, psiquiatra o médico laboral, si era necesario. La eficacia de la intervención, evaluada por la gravedad de los síntomas y la evolución al año, se valoró comparando los ocho centros activos con 13 centros de control (sin intervención).

Resultados

Se detectaron trastornos entre 10,6% de los sujetos, 29,4% de los cuales no tenían diagnóstico anterior de trastorno de ansiedad o depresivo. La intervención se asoció con un efecto positivo en las puntuaciones de la HAD a las 6 semanas y a los 6 meses. La ausencia total de trastornos al año se asociaba con la edad, el sexo y la intervención, entre todos los casos identificados (RV = 1,53), entre aquellos con un trastorno de ansiedad al menos (RV = 1,45) y entre aquellos con trastorno depresivo al menos (RV = 1,40).

Conclusión

Combinar la detección con la provisión organizada de información, incluyendo material impreso, mejora la evolución de los pacientes y las capacidades diagnósticas de los médicos.

Keywords

AnsiedadDepresiónPromoción de la saludEstudio de intervención cluster
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , April 2007 , pp. 119 - 128
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2007

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