Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T04:22:16.702Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genética de la abstinencia del alcohol

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

L G.Schmidt  and
T. Sander
L G.Schmidt
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Libre de Berlín, Eschenallee 3, 14050Berlín, Alemania
T. Sander
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Libre de Berlín, Eschenallee 3, 14050Berlín, Alemania
Get access

Resumen

La abstinencia del alcohol es un síndrome clínica y etiológicamente heterogéneo causado por una interacción compleja de factores ambientales (por ejemplo, la cantidad de etanol) y genéticos. Se considera que múltiples genes están implicados en diversos componentes del síndrome, contribu-yendo cada uno de ellos sólo de manera modesta a la abstinencia. Se revisan los estudios de asociación que han utilizado genes candidatos de los sistemas de dopamina, serotonina, gabaérgico y opioidérgico y se analizan las limitaciones metodológicas.

Keywords

alcoholismodopaminagen del DRD2drogasnicotinaobesidad
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 7 , Issue 7 , October 2000 , pp. 458 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Blum, KNoble, EPSheridan, PJFinley, OMontgomery, ARitchie, T, et al. Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA 1990; 263: 2055–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bond, CLaforge, KSTian, MMelia, MZhang, SBorg, L, et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human (opioid receptor gene alters (-endorphin binding and activity: Possible implications for opiate addiction. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 9608–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonhoeffer, K.Die akuten Geisteskranheiten der Gewohnheit-strinker. Jena: Fisher: 1901.Google Scholar
Brennan, TJSeeley, WWKilgard, MSchreiner, CETecott, LH. Sound-induced seizures in serotonin 5HTT2c receptor mutant mice. Nat Genet 1997; 16: 387–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bucholz, KKHeath, ACReich, THesselbrock, VMKramer, JRNurnberger, JR, et al. Can we subtype alcoholism? A latent class analysis of data from relatives of alcoholics in a multicenter family study of alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996; 20: 1462–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, KJMetten, PBelknap, JKCrabbe, JC.Quantitative trait loci involved in genetic pedisposition to acute alcohol with-drawal in mice. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 3946–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chester, JARisniger, FOCunningham, CL.Ethanol reward and aversión in mice bred for sensitivity to etha-nol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22: 468–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crabbe, JCBelknap, JKBuck, KJ.Genetic animal models of alcohol and drug abuse. Science 1994; 264: 1715–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebstein, RPBelmaker, RH.Saga of an adventure gene: novelty seeking, substance abuse and the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism. Mol Psychiatry 1997; 2: 382–84.Google ScholarPubMed
Edenberg, HJReynolds, JKoller, DLBegleiter, HBucholz, KKConneally, PM, et al. A family-based analysis of whether the functional prometer alíeles of the serotonin transporter gene HTT affect the risk for alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22: 1080–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwars, G.Withdrawal symptoms and alcohol dependence: fruitful myteries? BR J Addict 1990; 85: 447–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finckh, UVon Widdern, OGiraldo-Velasquez, MPodschus, JDufeu, PSander, T, et al. No association of the structural dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) variant 311 Cys with alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996; 20: 528–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finckh, URommelspacher, HKuhn, SDufeu, POtto, GHeinz, A, et al. Influence of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genotype on neuroadaptive effects of alcohol and the clinical outcome of alcoholism. Pharmacogenetics 1997; 7: 271–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glue, PNutt, D.Overexcitement and disinhibition. Dynamic neurotransmitter interaction in alcohol withdrawal. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157: 491–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, GCAston-Jones, G.Involvement of D2 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Nature 1994; 371: 155–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinz, ASander, THarms, HFinckh, UKuhn, SDufeu, P, et al. Lack of allelic association of dopamine DI and D2 (TaqlA) receptor gene polymorphims with reduced dopaminergic sensitivity in alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996; 20: 1109–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinz, ASchmidt, KSállstróm-Braun, SKuhn, SDufeu, PSchmidt, LG et al. Influence of dopaminergic transmission on severity of withdrawal syndrome in alcoholism. J Stud Alcohol 1996; 57: 471–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lappalaine, JZhang, LDean, MOz, MOzaki, NYu, DH, et al. Identification, expression and farmacology of a Cys23-Ser23 substitution in the human 5-HT2C receptor gene. Genomics 1995; 27: 274–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lander, ESSchork, NJ.Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science 1994; 265: 2037–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lesch, KPBengel, DHeils, ASabol, SZGrennberg, BDPetri, S, et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory región. Science 1996; 274: 1527–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meló, JAShendure, JPociask, KSilver, LM.Identification of sex-specific quantitative trait loci controlling alcohol preference in C57BL/6 mice. Nat Genet 1996; 13: 147–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meloni, RAlbanese, VRavassard, PTreilhou, FMallet, J.A tetranucleotide polymorphic microsatellite, , located in the First intron of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene, acts as a transcription regulatory element in vitro. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 423–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merikangas, KR.The genetic epidemiology of alcoholism. Psychol Med 1990; 20: 11–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, EP.The D2 dopamine receptor gene: a review of association studies ni alcoholism and phenotypes. Alcohol 1998; 16: 33–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, MJHolmans, PMcGuffin, P.Association studies in psychiatric genetics. Mol Psychiatry 1997; 2: 270–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, LNWing, JWittchen, HUHelzer, JEBabor, TFBurke, J, et al. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview: an epidemiological instrument suitable for use in conjunction with different diagnostic systems and in different cultures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 1069–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samochowiec, JSmolka, MWinterer, GRommelspacher, HSchmidt, LGSander, T.Association analysis betwen a Cys23Ser substitution polymorphism of the human 5-HT2c receptor gene and neuronal hyperexcitability. Am J Med Genet (Neuropsychiat Genet) 1999; 88: 126–30.3.0.CO;2-M>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, THarms, HDufeu, PPodschus, JKuhn, SFinckh, U, et al. Dopamine Dl-,D2-and D3- receptor genes in alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Genet 1995; 5: 171–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, THarms, HPodschus, JFinckh, UNickel, BRolfs, A, et al. Allelic association of a dopamine transporter gene polymorphism in alcohol dependence with withdrawal seizures or delirium. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41: 229–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HDufeu, PKuhn, SRommelspacher, HSchmidt, LG.Dopamine D4 receptor exon III alíeles and variation of novelty seeking in alcoholics. Am J Med Genet 1997; 74: 483–7.3.0.CO;2-P>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, THarms, HLesch, KPDufeu, PKuhn, SHoehe, M, et al. Association analysis of a regulatory variation of the serotonin transporter gene with severe alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997; 21: 1356–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sander, THarms, HRommelspacher, HHoehe, MSchmidt, LG.Possible allelic association of a tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism with vulnerability to alcohol-with- drawal delirium. Psychiatry Genet 1998; 8: 13–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, TBall, DMurray, RPatel, JSamochowiec, JWinterer, G, et al. Association analysis of sequence variants of the GABAa a6, [3S, and y2 gene cluster and alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23: 427–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, TLadehoff, MSamochowiev, JFinckh, URommelspacher, HSchmidt, LG.Lack of an allele association betwen polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcohol dependence in the Germán population. Alcohol Clin Exp 1999; 23: 578–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitd, LGHarms, HKuhn, SRommelspacher, HSander, T.Modification of alcohol withdrawal by the A9 alíele of the dopamine transporter gene. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 474–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smolka, MSander, TSchmidt, LGSamochowiev, JRommelspacher, HGscheidel, N, et al. μ-opioid receptor variants and dopaminergic sensivity in alcohol withdrawal. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1999; 24: 629–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, JTSykora, KScheneiderman, JNaranjo, CASellers, EM.Assesment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assement for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict 1989; 84: 1353–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teccott, HLSun, LMAkana, SFStrack, AMLowenstein, DHDallamn, MF, et al. Eating disorder and epilepsy in mice lacking 5-HT2C serotonin receptors. Nature 1995; 374: 542–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VoBardeleben, UHeuser, IHolsboer, F.Human CRH stimulation response during acute and aftter medium-term abstention from alcohol abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1989; 14: 441–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Strórungen ICD-10 Kapitel V (f) Klinisch-diagnostiche Leitlinien. Herausgegeben von, HDilling, WMombour, MH, Schmidt. Huber Bern: Huber; 1993.Google Scholar